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Updates on Urothelial Carcinoma

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Prof. Dr. Toyonori Tsuzuki

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Guest Editor

Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University, Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
Interests: prostate cancer; urothelial cancer; kidney cancer: biomarker; cancer diagnosis; tumor microenvironment

Dr. Yasmin Abu-Ghanem

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Guest Editor

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, The Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
Interests: urothelial carcinoma; renal cancer; molecular cancer biology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Urothelial carcinoma remains a significant challenge in oncology, with ongoing research efforts aiming to improve patient outcomes. This Special Issue will provide a comprehensive update on the latest advancements in urothelial carcinoma management, focusing both on upper tract and bladder cancers.

This Special Issue will provide a thorough update on urothelial carcinoma management, focusing on therapeutic innovations and large-scale surgical outcome analyses. The scope spans emerging systemic therapies and critical evaluations of cystectomy outcomes across diverse patient populations. Contributions should explore evolving therapeutic strategies, including the novel targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and combination approaches that are reshaping the treatment landscape.

Key focus areas include the following:

The molecular and genomic targets driving personalized medicine approaches;
The role of urine- and blood-based biomarkers in detection and follow-up in bladder cancer;
Innovations in perioperative therapy, including neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments;
Advancements in metastatic disease management, with an emphasis on new first-line options;
The role of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) as a biomarker across the disease spectrum;
Bladder preservation strategies for select patients;
Long-term outcomes in cystectomy patients;
Ongoing clinical trials and their potential impacts on future treatment paradigms.

This Special Issue will provide clinicians and researchers with a detailed picture of the current state of urothelial carcinoma care, highlighting both the progress made and the challenges that lie ahead in improving patient outcomes.

Prof. Dr. Toyonori Tsuzuki
Dr. Yasmin Abu-Ghanem
Guest Editors

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13 pages, 806 KB

Open AccessArticle

Unveiling the Female Factor: Gender-Based Differences in Outcomes and Survival Following Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer

by Federico Ceria, Gad Muhammad, Francesco Del Giudice, Youssef Ibrahim, Ramesh Thurairaja, Rajesh Nair, Elsie Mensah, Muhammad Shamim Khan and Yasmin Abu Ghanem

Cancers 2026, 18(2), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18020308 - 20 Jan 2026

Viewed by 475

Abstract

Background: Female patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer have historically presented with more advanced disease and poorer survival outcomes than males. These disparities have been attributed to biological differences, delayed diagnosis, and variations in treatment delivery. Recent data suggest, however, that outcomes may converge when patients are managed in standardized, multidisciplinary, high-volume centers. This study evaluated the influence of gender on perioperative features and oncological outcomes such as disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) at a tertiary uro-oncology center. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent open or robotic-assisted RC for histologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma between 2014 and 2023 at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust. Demographic, perioperative, and pathological variables were stratified by gender to assess their association with DFS, DSS, and OS. Results: A total of 887 patients were included: 640 men (72.2%) and 247 women (27.8%), with similar mean age (68.5 vs. 68.1 years) and tumour histology (pure urothelial carcinoma 85% vs. 83%). Men had a higher prevalence of diabetes and chronic kidney disease, but no significant differences were observed in time from referral to surgery (0.93 vs. 1.03 months, p = 0.93), use of neoadjuvant therapy (21.6% vs. 17.3%, p = 0.25), or surgical approach (p = 0.55). Pathological stage distribution was comparable between sexes (pT0–1: 44% vs. 50%; pT2–4: 56% vs. 50%; p = 0.13). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed no significant gender-related differences in 12-month DFS (77.3% vs. 75.4%, p = 0.20), DSS (85.6% vs. 86.9%, p = 0.56), or OS (81.2% vs. 85.2%, p = 0.70). Conclusion: In this high-volume tertiary center, gender did not independently influence perioperative or survival outcomes following radical cystectomy. These findings suggest that standardized, multidisciplinary management within specialized bladder cancer pathways may mitigate the pathological and survival disparities historically associated with gender. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Urothelial Carcinoma)

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