Meningioma Recurrences: Risk Factors and Management

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 1037

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Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: neurosurgery; neuro-oncology; neuropathology
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Guest Editor
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: neuropathology; neuro-oncology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Intracranial meningiomas often recur even after gross total resection with or without adjuvant radiotherapy, with a rate ranging from 10 to 32 % at 10 years. The main risk factors include the WHO grade, the proliferation index ki-67, MIB 1, the extent of resection according to the Simpson classification and the postoperative adjuvant treatments. Other investigated factors are patient age and sex, tumor size and morphology, brain invasion.

The molecular biology of meningiomas has increasingly been studied in the last 15 years. Some molecular markers have been investigated, including NF-2, TRAF 7, SMO,POLR2A and TERT. They were found to be correlated with meningeal development and tumor location, tumor histological subtype, meningioma growth and aggressiveness.

The time of recurrence is rather variable. Although most recurrences occur within 5–7 years after the initial surgery, some meningiomas may recur even after more than 10 years. No gross total resection and high values of Ki-67 MIB-1 are predicting factors of shorter recurrences; these cases need a closer short-term clinical and radiological follow-up in the first few years after the operation.

Meningiomas may recur with different growth patterns. Most recur at the previous dural site or/and at its periphery, within 2 cm (local–peripheral); however, multi centric and diffuse recurrences may sometimes be observed. Flat-shaped tumor morphology with dural infiltration and high KI-67 and MIB 1 values at initial diagnosis are risk factors of diffuse regrowth.

The management of meningioma recurrences is often challenging. Gross total resection must be realized when possible, while preserving the neurological function. However, this is often hindered by several anatomical conditions, such as diffuse patterns of regrowth, loss of the brain tumor interface, extensive dural invasion and bone invasion in basal meningiomas.

Thus, the resection is often partial. Adjuvant radiotherapy is mandatory, if not already performed after the initial surgery.

Prof. Dr. Francesco Maiuri
Dr. Marialaura Del Basso De Caro
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • meningioma
  • recurrences
  • risk factors

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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17 pages, 2028 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Role of Simpson Grading System in Spinal Meningioma Surgery: Institutional Case Series, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Giuseppe Corazzelli, Sergio Corvino, Valentina Cioffi, Ciro Mastantuoni, Maria Rosaria Scala, Salvatore Di Colandrea, Luigi Sigona, Antonio Bocchetti and Raffaele de Falco
Cancers 2025, 17(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17010034 - 26 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 826
Abstract
Background: Although its validity has recently been questioned since its introduction, the Simpson grade has remained one of the most relevant factors in estimating the recurrence risk of intracranial meningiomas. This study aims to assess its role in spinal meningiomas through a retrospective [...] Read more.
Background: Although its validity has recently been questioned since its introduction, the Simpson grade has remained one of the most relevant factors in estimating the recurrence risk of intracranial meningiomas. This study aims to assess its role in spinal meningiomas through a retrospective analysis of a mono-institutional surgical series and literature meta-analysis. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature from 1980 to 2023, complemented by a mono-institutional series of 74 patients treated at “Santa Maria delle Grazie” hospital. Demographic, clinical, neuroradiological, pathological, surgical, and outcome data of case series were analyzed. For the meta-analysis, studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, and a fixed-effects model was used to synthesize data due to assumed homogeneity among included studies. Statistical analyses included odds ratios (OR) for recurrence risk and assessment of publication bias using Peter’s test. Results: Mono-institutional sample included 74 patients, most of whom were women (85%) with a median age of 61.9 years. The thoracic spine was the most common tumor location (81%). Recurrences occurred in patients with Simpson grade II and III resections. The meta-analysis involved 2142 patients from 25 studies and revealed a significantly higher recurrence rate for Simpson grades III–V compared to grades I–II (OR 0.10; CI95 0.06–0.16). Additionally, Simpson grade II had a higher recurrence risk than grade I (OR 0.42; CI95 0.20–0.90). Conclusions: The Simpson grading remains a valid predictor of recurrence also for spinal meningiomas. Our findings revealed a significant increase in recurrence rate with higher Simpson grades. These results support the need to strive for Simpson grade I resection when feasible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Meningioma Recurrences: Risk Factors and Management)
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