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Buildings
Special Issues
Building Safety Assessment and Structural Analysis
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Building Safety Assessment and Structural Analysis

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2025) | Viewed by 2377

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Weibin Yuan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
Interests: concrete; cold-formed steel; composite structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nanting Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
Interests: cold-formed steel; buckling behavior; ultimate failure load; numerical simulation; design method
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiaofeng Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
Interests: concrete structures; quasi-brittle fracture; fatigue; size effect; boundary effect
Dr. Xinkai Hao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
Interests: confined concrete; size effect; flexural analysis; reinforced concrete beam

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reinforced concrete or steel structures have been widely applied to high-rise buildings, stadiums, and bridges due to their robust characteristics. In order to enhance the safety and resilience of such buildings under the action of earthquake, wind loading, fire hazards, etc., this Special Issue, entitled “Building Safety Assessment and Structural Analysis”, aims to develop advanced numerical methods, analytical models, and experimental techniques for the assessment of corresponding joints, members, and structures. New research articles, case studies, and reviews related to novel design approaches of steel, concrete, and composite steel–concrete structures are welcome.

Topics may include, but are not limited to, the following aspects:

  • High-performance structural system;
  • Flexural analysis of concrete members;
  • Buckling behaviour of steel structures;
  • Seismic design;
  • Wind loading effects;
  • Fire resistance;
  • Machine learning based evaluation;
  • Design theory and method;
  • Numerical simulations.

Prof. Dr. Weibin Yuan
Dr. Nanting Yu
Dr. Xiaofeng Gao
Dr. Xinkai Hao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • reinforced concrete structures
  • high-rise building
  • wind loading effect
  • seismic resilience
  • machine learning
  • fatigue
  • buckling
  • fluid–structure interaction
  • finite element analysis
  • case study

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 4961 KB  
Article
Automation and Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Seismic Modeling and Analysis of Tall RC Buildings
by Piero A. Cabrera, Gianella M. Medina and Rick M. Delgadillo
Buildings 2025, 15(19), 3618; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193618 - 9 Oct 2025
Viewed by 208
Abstract
This article presents an innovative approach to optimizing the seismic modeling and analysis of high-rise buildings by automating the process with Python 3.13 and the ETABS 22.1.0 API. The process begins with the collection of information on the base building, a structure of [...] Read more.
This article presents an innovative approach to optimizing the seismic modeling and analysis of high-rise buildings by automating the process with Python 3.13 and the ETABS 22.1.0 API. The process begins with the collection of information on the base building, a structure of seventeen regular levels, which includes data from structural elements, material properties, geometric configuration, and seismic and gravitational loads. These data are organized in an Excel file for further processing. From this information, a code is developed in Python that automates the structural modeling in ETABS through its API. This code defines the sections, materials, edge conditions, and loads and models the elements according to their coordinates. The resulting base model is used as a starting point to generate an optimal solution using a genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm adjusts column and beam sections using an approach that includes crossover and controlled mutation operations. Each solution is evaluated by the maximum displacement of the structure, calculating the fitness as the inverse of this displacement, favoring solutions with less deformation. The process is repeated across generations, selecting and crossing the best solutions. Finally, the model that generates the smallest displacement is saved as the optimal solution. Once the optimal solution has been obtained, it is implemented a second code in Python is implemented to perform static and dynamic seismic analysis. The key results, such as displacements, drifts, internal and basal shear forces, are processed and verified in accordance with the Peruvian Technical Standard E.030. The automated model with API shows a significant improvement in accuracy and efficiency compared to traditional methods, highlighting an R2 = 0.995 in the static analysis, indicating an almost perfect fit, and an RMSE = 1.93261 × 10−5, reflecting a near-zero error. In the dynamic drift analysis, the automated model reaches an R2 = 0.9385 and an RMSE = 5.21742 × 10−5, demonstrating its high precision. As for the lead time, the model automated completed the process in 13.2 min, which means a 99.5% reduction in comparison with the traditional method, which takes 3 h. On the other hand, the genetic algorithm had a run time of 191 min due to its stochastic nature and iterative process. The performance of the genetic algorithm shows that although the improvement is significant between Generation 1 and Generation 2, is stabilized in the following generations, with a slight decrease in Generation 5, suggesting that the algorithm has reached its level has reached a point of convergence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Safety Assessment and Structural Analysis)
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17 pages, 2171 KB  
Article
Seismic Damage Assessment of SRC Frame-RC Core Tube High-Rise Structure Under Long-Period Ground Motions
by Lianjie Jiang, Guoliang Bai, Lu Guo and Fumin Li
Buildings 2025, 15(17), 3106; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15173106 - 29 Aug 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 393
Abstract
To accurately assess the seismic damage of high-rise structures under long-period ground motions (LPGMs), a 36-story SRC frame-RC core tube high-rise structure was designed. Twelve groups of LPGMs and twelve groups of ordinary ground motions (OGMs) were selected and bidirectionally input into the [...] Read more.
To accurately assess the seismic damage of high-rise structures under long-period ground motions (LPGMs), a 36-story SRC frame-RC core tube high-rise structure was designed. Twelve groups of LPGMs and twelve groups of ordinary ground motions (OGMs) were selected and bidirectionally input into the structure. The spectral acceleration S90c considering the effect of higher-order modes was adopted as the intensity measure (IM) of ground motions, and the maximum inter-story drift angle θmax under bidirectional ground motions was taken as the engineering demand parameter (EDP). Structural Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) was conducted, the structural vulnerability was investigated, and seismic vulnerability curves, damage state probability curves, vulnerability index curves, as well as the probabilities of exceeding performance levels and vulnerability index of the structure during 8-degree frequent, design, and rare earthquakes were obtained, respectively. The results indicate that structural damage is significantly aggravated under LPGMs, and the exceeding probabilities for all performance levels are greater than those under OGMs, failing to meet the seismic fortification target specified in the code. When encountering an 8-degree frequent earthquake, the structure is in a moderate or severe damage state under LPGMs and is basically intact or in a slight damage state under OGMs. When encountering an 8-degree design earthquake, the structure is in a severe damage or near-collapse state under LPGMs and is in a moderate damage state under OGMs. When encountering an 8-degree rare earthquake, the structure is in a near-collapse state under LPGMs and in a severe damage state under OGMs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Safety Assessment and Structural Analysis)
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21 pages, 3157 KB  
Article
Probabilistic Safety Factor Assessment of Composite Pile Foundation Using Symmetrical FEM Reliability Method
by Yi Wang, Guoyun Lu and Fenghui Dong
Buildings 2025, 15(7), 1020; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071020 - 22 Mar 2025
Viewed by 555
Abstract
Composite pile foundation, as a new structural form in foundation engineering, has been widely used in the field of bridge engineering due to its overall superiority. This article focuses on the specific randomness problems encountered in the practical application of composite pile foundations, [...] Read more.
Composite pile foundation, as a new structural form in foundation engineering, has been widely used in the field of bridge engineering due to its overall superiority. This article focuses on the specific randomness problems encountered in the practical application of composite pile foundations, and uses probability based forward and backward reliability theory combined with finite element technology to study the safety of pile foundation structures. The safety of composite pile foundation structures needs to meet the requirements of established target reliability indicators while considering parameter randomness. The method proposed in this paper can verify whether it meets the established target reliability indicators while calculating the safety factor of composite pile foundations. This method has good operability. Through the engineering application and parameter sensitivity analysis of a specific case, the study shows that the variability of parameters has a significant impact on the calculation results of the probability safety factor, and the safety factor decreases with the increase in parameter variability. The target reliability index will also directly affect the value of the probability safety factor. The iterative initial value has no effect on the calculation results, indicating the applicability of the method proposed in this paper. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical and technical support for the safety design of composite pile foundations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Safety Assessment and Structural Analysis)
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17 pages, 1433 KB  
Article
Application of Combined Weighting–Fuzzy Hierarchical Model in Condition Assessment of Concrete Continuous Girder Bridges
by Jiali Yue, Hailin Lu, Rusheng Qian and Jun Tang
Buildings 2025, 15(7), 993; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15070993 - 21 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 528
Abstract
To solve the problem of state evaluations of small- and medium-span bridges such as concrete continuous girder bridges, this paper developed an extended model based on game theory. Aiming at Nash equilibrium, the combined weighting–fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation model was constructed by the [...] Read more.
To solve the problem of state evaluations of small- and medium-span bridges such as concrete continuous girder bridges, this paper developed an extended model based on game theory. Aiming at Nash equilibrium, the combined weighting–fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation model was constructed by the combination of the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method, which was corrected using the BP neural network. A three-span prestressed concrete continuous girder bridge in Wuhan was evaluated using health monitoring data and manual inspection information and compared to the results obtained using the traditional methods. The evaluation results showed that the error between the first-order frequency and the measured frequency was reduced from 17.95% to 9.00% and the bridge’s overall state score was 89.72. The evaluation model constructed by the method in this paper can take into account the contents of health monitoring and manual detection and coordinate the subjective and objective weights. Compared to the results of the analytic hierarchy process model and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, the proposed model is reliable and applicable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Safety Assessment and Structural Analysis)
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