Spinal Cord Injury: Biomarkers, Neuroimaging and Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurorehabilitation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 March 2026 | Viewed by 1889

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Spinal cord injury represents a challenge in medical practice: it is increasing in incidence and patients experience a lower quality of life. However, innovations are on the rise for treatment of spinal cord injuries. Therapies for this condition remain in their infancy with a large gap in knowledge about the condition and appropriate therapeutic approaches. There is also shortage in available treatment modalities for treating different spinal cord injuries. The complexity of spinal cord injuries stem from the different types and the impact on different organs and functions.

The aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the recent innovations in diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injuries. We hope this Special Issue will shed light on a very serious condition that causes significant disabilities and poses a large economic burden on health care systems all over the world.

Recent innovations in the diagnosis and management of spinal cord injuries include neuromodulation, rehabilitation and surgery. All types of research, including review articles.

Dr. Alaa Abd-Elsayed
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • spinal cord
  • injury
  • neuromodulation
  • surgery
  • injury
  • innovations

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

26 pages, 1230 KB  
Article
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: Insights from Nearly Five Decades of Evidence with Single-Center Experience
by Giorgio Iaconetta, Carlotta Ranalli, Jacopo Rosso Antonino, Antonio Siglioccolo, Nicola Narciso, Raffaele Scrofani, Ettore Amoroso, Marco Cascella and Matteo De Simone
Brain Sci. 2026, 16(2), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16020165 - 30 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proposed as an adjunctive treatment for spinal cord injuries (SCIs) to mitigate a secondary injury and enhance neurological recovery. While the preclinical evidence is consistently supportive, clinical data remain heterogeneous across traumatic (TSCI) and non-traumatic (NTSCI) [...] Read more.
Background: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proposed as an adjunctive treatment for spinal cord injuries (SCIs) to mitigate a secondary injury and enhance neurological recovery. While the preclinical evidence is consistently supportive, clinical data remain heterogeneous across traumatic (TSCI) and non-traumatic (NTSCI) etiologies. Methods: A hybrid systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and included an illustrative single-center clinical case. PubMed, OVID Medline, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published between 1978 and 2024. Due to methodological heterogeneity, qualitative synthesis was performed. Results: Fifty studies comprising 1102 patients were included. Neurological improvement was more frequently observed in incomplete injuries and when HBOT was initiated early. Conclusions: HBOT may represent a useful adjunct in selected SCI patients, although standardized protocols and controlled trials are required to better define its role. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 883 KB  
Article
Non-Invasive Cervical Spinal Stimulation and Respiratory Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial with a Partial Crossover Design
by Hatice Kumru, Agustin Hernandez-Navarro, Sergiu Albu and Loreto García-Alén
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(9), 982; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15090982 - 12 Sep 2025
Viewed by 1653
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Respiratory impairment is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in participants with spinal cord injury (SCI). Cervical SCI (cSCI) severely compromises respiratory function due to paralysis and weakness of the respiratory muscles. Recent evidence suggests that transcutaneous electrical spinal cord [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Respiratory impairment is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in participants with spinal cord injury (SCI). Cervical SCI (cSCI) severely compromises respiratory function due to paralysis and weakness of the respiratory muscles. Recent evidence suggests that transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) may enhance motor strength and promote functional recovery. Therefore, cervical tSCS, applied at cervical segments, holds potential as a therapeutic strategy to improve respiratory function in participants with cervical SCI. Methods: This randomized controlled trial with a partial crossover design included participants with both complete and incomplete cSCI. Neurological assessments were used, as well as tests to evaluate pulmonary function maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and spirometric measurements. These assessments were conducted at baseline and after the last session. The experimental group received tSCS at the C3–C4 and C6–C7 cervical spinal levels, delivered at a frequency of 30 Hz during occupational therapy. The control group underwent identical occupational therapy sessions without stimulation. Each session lasted 30 min and was conducted over eight days. Results: Fifteen participants with cSCI received tSCS, while 11 cSCI participants were included in the control group. Seven participants took part in both groups. Only the tSCS group showed significant improvements in MIP, MEP, and forced vital capacity (p < 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions: tSCS applied at the cervical segments can promote respiratory function following cervical SCI. This approach may support neuroplasticity and help reduce long-term respiratory complications in participants with cervical SCI. However, to confirm these effects, long-term stimulation protocols and follow-up studies in larger SCI populations are required. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop