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Brain Sciences
Special Issues
Current Trends in Diagnosis and Treatments in Psychiatry
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Current Trends in Diagnosis and Treatments in Psychiatry

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Psychiatric Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 6730

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Anna Comparelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sant’Andrea Hospital, Unit of Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
Interests: nosology; nosography; attenuated psychotic syndrome; social cognition; neurodevelopmental disorders

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As in all medical branches, psychiatric diagnoses are necessary to design a treatment plan and formulate a prognosis. Current classification systems are based on a categorical approach and combination with a dimensional approach has been encouraged in the latest edition of DSM V. Whether mental illnesses are best conceptualized as discrete entities or as phenomena along a continuum of severity remains an open question and a critical point of vulnerability for psychiatric diagnoses. The utility and validity of diagnoses influence the appropriateness of the treatment.

This Special Issue of Brain Sciences aims to present current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders to highlight promising approaches, new insights and recent advances.

Authors are invited to submit original research articles, reviews and theoretical perspectives addressing a wide range of topics related to (but not limited to) the following research areas: Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), Hierarchical Taxonomy Consortium psychopathology (HiTOP), development of diagnostic neuroimaging, new psychotropic agents, personalized medicine, neurodevelopmental disorders, cognitive enhancers in psychiatric disorders, early diagnosis and intervention, nosology and nosography.

Dr. Anna Comparelli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nosology
  • therapeutic approaches
  • early intervention
  • early detection
  • neurodevelopmental disorders: diagnosis and treatment
  • cognitive enhancers
  • neuroimaging
  • biomarkers

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 570 KiB  
Article
Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Embodied Sense-of-Self Scale
by Andrea Patti, Gabriele Santarelli, Ottone Baccaredda Boy, Isotta Fascina, Arianna Ida Altomare, Andrea Ballerini and Valdo Ricca
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010034 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1695
Abstract
(1) Background: The Embodied Sense-of-Self Scale (ESSS) is the only validated measure for self-assessing embodiment abnormalities, which differentiate people with anomalous embodied self-representations such as schizophrenic patients from controls. The aim of the current study was to translate the ESSS from English to [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The Embodied Sense-of-Self Scale (ESSS) is the only validated measure for self-assessing embodiment abnormalities, which differentiate people with anomalous embodied self-representations such as schizophrenic patients from controls. The aim of the current study was to translate the ESSS from English to Italian and to examine its factor structure, reliability, and validity in the Italian context. (2) Methods: We tested the fit of the original three-factor structure (agency, ownership, and narrative identity) across a community sample (N = 269) and the reliability as well as the convergent and divergent validity of the ESSS. (3) Results: The three-factor structure of the ESSS was confirmed. However, three different factors have emerged from our analysis (self-recognition, self-consistence, and self-awareness). Higher internal consistency of the ESSS was obtained by removing six items that seemed problematic. The three ESSS scales show highly intercorrelated constructs. The measure was reliable and positively correlated with schizotypy (via the Perceptual Aberration Scale) and aberrant salience (via the Aberrant Salience Inventory), and negatively correlated with empathy (via the Italian Short Empathy Quotient scale), generalized self-efficacy (via the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale), and social self-efficacy (via the Perceived Social Self-Efficacy Scale). (4) Conclusions: The 19-item Italian version of the ESSS is a suitable measure with which to assess embodiment abnormalities in Italian samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Diagnosis and Treatments in Psychiatry)
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12 pages, 291 KiB  
Article
Cross-Cultural Comparison of ICD-11 Adjustment Disorder Prevalence and Its Risk Factors in Japanese and Lithuanian Adolescents
by Kazuaki Abe, Ieva Daniunaite, Inga Truskauskaitė-Kunevičienė, Kazumi Sugimura, Paulina Zelviene, Shogo Hihara, Yuka Kamite and Evaldas Kazlauskas
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(9), 1172; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091172 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1790
Abstract
Background: Although there is increasing knowledge about adjustment disorder (AjD) based on the new diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), less is known on AjD in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of AjD and its risk factors [...] Read more.
Background: Although there is increasing knowledge about adjustment disorder (AjD) based on the new diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), less is known on AjD in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of AjD and its risk factors in Japanese and Lithuanian adolescents. Methods: The cross-sectional study sample comprised 1745 adolescents from Japan (n = 913) and Lithuania (n = 832). AjD was assessed using the Adjustment Disorder New Module-8 (ADNM-8). We compared the prevalence of AjD in Japanese and Lithuanian adolescents. Using multinominal logistic regression analysis, we examined the effects of age, gender, socioeconomic status, and cumulative stressors as societal and cultural factors, resilience as an intrapersonal factor, and loneliness and perceived support as interpersonal factors on adolescent AjD. Results: The prevalence of probable AjD was 11.7% in Lithuanian adolescents and 6.9% in Japanese adolescents. Gender, socioeconomic status, cumulative stressors, resilience, loneliness, and perceived positive social support were each significantly associated with AjD risk. Conclusions: This cross-cultural comparative study revealed characteristics of the stressors and prevalence of AjD among Japanese and Lithuanian adolescents. In terms of the socio-interpersonal framework model for the stress–response syndrome, sociocultural, intrapersonal, and interpersonal factors were found to be risk factors associated with AjD in adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Diagnosis and Treatments in Psychiatry)
16 pages, 339 KiB  
Article
No Sex Differences in Self-Reported Childhood Maltreatment in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders: A Retrospective Study
by Daniela Caldirola, Tatiana Torti, Francesco Cuniberti, Silvia Daccò, Alessandra Alciati, Koen Schruers, Giovanni Martinotti, Domenico De Berardis and Giampaolo Perna
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(6), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060804 - 19 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2476
Abstract
Background: We investigated, for the first time, whether there are any sex differences in retrospective self-reported childhood maltreatment (CM) in Italian adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). Furthermore, the potential impacts of patients’ age on the CM self-report [...] Read more.
Background: We investigated, for the first time, whether there are any sex differences in retrospective self-reported childhood maltreatment (CM) in Italian adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). Furthermore, the potential impacts of patients’ age on the CM self-report were investigated. Methods: This retrospective study used the data documented in the electronic medical records of patients who were hospitalized for a 4-week psychiatric rehabilitation program. CM was assessed using the 28-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), which evaluates emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, as well as emotional and physical neglect. The linear and logistic regression models were used (α = 0.01). Results: Three hundred thirty-five patients with MDD (255 women and 80 men) and 168 with BD (97 women and 71 men) were included. In both samples, considerable CM rates were identified, but no statistically significant sex differences were detected in the variety of CTQ-based CM aspects. There was a significant association, with no sex differences, between increasing patients’ age and a decreasing burden of CM. Conclusion: Both women and men with MDD or BD experienced a similar and considerable CM burden. Our findings support routine CM assessment in psychiatric clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Diagnosis and Treatments in Psychiatry)
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