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Brain Sciences
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Reviews in Neuropsychology
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Reviews in Neuropsychology

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuropsychology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 7049

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Cecilia Guariglia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2. Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa, Rome, Italy
Interests: spatial cognition and memory; human navigation; clinical neuropsychology; neuropsychological rehabilitation; topographical disorientation; developmental topographical disorientation; individual differences and aging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Scientific progress and advances in neuropsychology have produced a very large number of papers in recent decades, making it difficult to update our knowledge in fields not strictly related to our areas of interest. For this reason, critical reviews about different sectors of neuropsychology are essential to provide an updated review of the theories, hypotheses, methodologies, and recent development of knowledge.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect a series of reviews on the nowadays state-of-the-art indifferent neuropsychological domains (language, attention, memory, functions, perception, spatial cognition, emotion, social cognition, etc.). Contributions reviewing both experimental and clinical studies within the current theoretical frameworks are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Cecilia Guariglia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • language and learning disabilities
  • human navigation and spatial cognition
  • attention, emotion, perception, motivation
  • memory, executive functions
  • social and affective neuroscience
  • visual perceptual awareness
  • visuomotor adaptation
  • unilateral neglect
  • neuropsychological rehabilitation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 741 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the 10-, 14- and 20-Item CES-D Scores as Predictors of Cognitive Decline
by Ainara Jauregi-Zinkunegi, Rebecca Langhough, Sterling C. Johnson, Kimberly D. Mueller and Davide Bruno
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(11), 1530; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111530 - 30 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1097
Abstract
The association between depressive symptomatology and cognitive decline has been examined using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D); however, concerns have been raised about this self-report measure. Here, we examined how the CES-D total score from the 14- and 10-item versions compared [...] Read more.
The association between depressive symptomatology and cognitive decline has been examined using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D); however, concerns have been raised about this self-report measure. Here, we examined how the CES-D total score from the 14- and 10-item versions compared to the 20-item version in predicting progression to cognitive decline from a cognitively unimpaired baseline. Data from 1054 participants were analysed using ordinal logistic regression, alongside moderator and receiver-operating characteristics curve analyses. All baseline total scores significantly predicted progression to cognitive decline. The 14-item version was better than the 20-item version in predicting consensus diagnosis, as shown by their AICs, while also showing the highest accuracy when discriminating between participants by diagnosis at last visit. We did not find sex to moderate the relationship between CES-D score and cognitive decline. Current findings suggest the 10- and 14-item versions of the CES-D are comparable to the 20-item version, and that the 14-item version may be better at predicting longitudinal consensus diagnosis compared to the 20-item version. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews in Neuropsychology)
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Review

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14 pages, 283 KiB  
Review
Cognitive Decline: Current Intervention Strategies and Integrative Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer’s Disease
by Kate S. Branigan and Blake T. Dotta
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(4), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14040298 - 22 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1082
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a pressing global health challenge, with an anticipated surge in diagnoses over the next two decades. This progressive neurodegenerative disorder unfolds gradually, with observable symptoms emerging after two decades of imperceptible brain changes. While traditional therapeutic approaches, such as [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a pressing global health challenge, with an anticipated surge in diagnoses over the next two decades. This progressive neurodegenerative disorder unfolds gradually, with observable symptoms emerging after two decades of imperceptible brain changes. While traditional therapeutic approaches, such as medication and cognitive therapy, remain standard in AD management, their limitations prompt exploration into novel integrative therapeutic approaches. Recent advancements in AD research focus on entraining gamma waves through innovative methods, such as light flickering and electromagnetic fields (EMF) stimulation. Flickering light stimulation (FLS) at 40 Hz has demonstrated significant reductions in AD pathologies in both mice and humans, providing improved cognitive functioning. Additionally, recent experiments have demonstrated that APOE mutations in mouse models substantially reduce tau pathologies, with microglial modulation playing a crucial role. EMFs have also been demonstrated to modulate microglia. The exploration of EMFs as a therapeutic approach is gaining significance, as many recent studies have showcased their potential to influence microglial responses. Th article concludes by speculating on the future directions of AD research, emphasizing the importance of ongoing efforts in understanding the complexities of AD pathogenesis through a holistic approach and developing interventions that hold promise for improved patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews in Neuropsychology)

Other

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16 pages, 2817 KiB  
Systematic Review
Mapping the Neural Substrates of Cocaine Craving: A Systematic Review
by Letícia Silvestri Paludetto, Luiza Larrubia Alvares Florence, Julio Torales, Antonio Ventriglio and João Maurício Castaldelli-Maia
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(4), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14040329 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1111
Abstract
Craving is one of the most important symptoms of cocaine use disorder (CUD) since it contributes to the relapse and persistence of such disorder. This systematic review aimed to investigate which brain regions are modulated during cocaine craving. The articles were obtained through [...] Read more.
Craving is one of the most important symptoms of cocaine use disorder (CUD) since it contributes to the relapse and persistence of such disorder. This systematic review aimed to investigate which brain regions are modulated during cocaine craving. The articles were obtained through searches in the Google Scholar, Regional BVS Portal, PubMed, and Scielo databases. Overall, there was a selection of 36 studies with 1574 individuals, the majority being participants with CUD, whereby about 61.56% were individuals with CUD and 38.44% were controls (mean age = 40.4 years). Besides the methodological points, the neurobiological investigations comprised fMRI (58.34%) and PET (38.89%). The induction of cocaine craving was studied using different methods: exposure to cocaine cues (69.45%), stressful stimuli, food cues, and methylphenidate. Brain activations demonstrated widespread activity across the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, basal ganglia, diencephalon, brainstem, and the limbic system. In addition to abnormalities in prefrontal cortex activity, abnormalities in various other brain regions’ activity contribute to the elucidation of the neurobiology of cocaine craving. Abnormalities in brain activity are justified not only by the dysfunction of dopaminergic pathways but also of the glutamatergic and noradrenergic pathways, and distinct ways of inducing craving demonstrated the involvement of distinct brain circuits and regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews in Neuropsychology)
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20 pages, 491 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review of the Neurocognitive Effects of Psychedelics in Healthy Populations: Implications for Depressive Disorders and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
by Mario Renato Velit-Salazar, Paulo R. Shiroma and Eloise Cherian
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(3), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14030248 - 3 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1663
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to provide an overview of pharmacological trials that examine the neurocognitive effects of psychedelics among healthy individuals and patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) was [...] Read more.
Objective: This study aims to provide an overview of pharmacological trials that examine the neurocognitive effects of psychedelics among healthy individuals and patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) was used as a guide to structure and report the findings for this review. A literature search included the MEDLINE database up until December 2022. We included randomized or open-label human studies of MDMA, psilocybin, mescaline, LSD, DMT, or cannabis reporting non-emotionally charged neurocognitive outcomes (“cold cognition”) measured through validated neuropsychological tests. Results: A total of 43 full-text papers on MDMA (15), cannabis (12), LSD (6), psilocybin (9), DMT/ayahuasca (1), and mescaline (0) were included, mostly on healthy subjects. A single article on MDMA’s effects on cognition in subjects with PTSD was included; there were no studies on psychedelics and neurocognition in MDD. Most of the studies on healthy subjects reported detrimental or neutral effects on cognition during the peak effect of psychedelics with a few exceptions (e.g., MDMA improved psychomotor function). Performance on the type of neurocognitive dimension (e.g., attention, memory, executive function, psychomotor) varies by type of psychedelic, dosage, and cognitive testing. Conclusions: Small samples and a lack of uniformed methods across studies preclude unequivocal conclusions on whether psychedelics enhance, decrease, or have no significant effect on cognitive performance. It is foreseen that psychedelics will soon become an available treatment for various psychiatric disorders. The acute and long-term effects on cognition caused by psychedelics should be assessed in future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews in Neuropsychology)
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21 pages, 1430 KiB  
Systematic Review
A 20-Year Systematic Review of the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ Test across Neurodegenerative Conditions
by Owen Stafford, Christina Gleeson, Ciara Egan, Conall Tunney, Brendan Rooney, Fiadhnait O’Keeffe, Garret McDermott, Simon Baron-Cohen and Tom Burke
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(9), 1268; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13091268 - 31 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1494
Abstract
Social cognition has a broad theoretical definition, which includes the ability to mentalise, i.e., recognise and infer mental states to explain and predict another’s behaviour. There is growing recognition of the clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic value of assessing a person’s ability to perform [...] Read more.
Social cognition has a broad theoretical definition, which includes the ability to mentalise, i.e., recognise and infer mental states to explain and predict another’s behaviour. There is growing recognition of the clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic value of assessing a person’s ability to perform social cognitive tasks, particularly aspects of theory of mind, such as mentalising. One such measure of mentalising is the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test (RMET). This systematic review and meta-analysis consider performance on the RMET, applied to people with neurodegenerative conditions in matched control studies, since its publication in 2001. Overall, this review includes 22 papers with data from N = 800 participants with neurodegenerative conditions: Alzheimer’s disease, n = 31; Parkinson’s disease, n = 221; Lewy body dementia, n = 33; motor neuron disease, n = 218; Huntington’s disease n = 80; multiple sclerosis, n = 217; and N = 601 matched typical controls. Our meta-analyses show that deficits in mentalising, as measured by the RMET, are consistently reported across neurodegenerative conditions, with participants in both early and late disease stages being affected. Social cognition is an emerging field of cognitive neuroscience requiring specific and sensitive measurement across each subdomain. Adult-based meta-normative data feature, for which future groups or individuals could be compared against, and hypotheses relating to the source of these mentalising deficits are further discussed. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020182874). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews in Neuropsychology)
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