Risk Factors for Tinnitus and Tinnitus-Related Disease

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Sensory and Motor Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2025 | Viewed by 993

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Tinnitus Center, European Hospital, 00149 Rome, Italy
Interests: tinnitus; hearing loss; hyperacusis; misophonia; clinical questionnaires; audiometry; benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; dizziness
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Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Interests: tinnitus management; OSAS; sleep disorders; hyperacusis; misophomia; hearing loss

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tinnitus is a symptom of interrelated biopsychological disorders defined as the conscious awareness of a noise without identifiable corresponding external acoustic source. The identification of risk factors for tinnitus could facilitate the recommendations for prevention measures and improve the results of personalized treatments. Evidence from the literature in tinnitus research reported many otological risk factors like hearing loss, noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, otitis media, vestibular disorders, hyperacusis and non-otological risk factors like temporo-mandibular joint disorder, depression, anxiety, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, body mass index, head injury, cardiovascular diseases, migraine, autoimmune diseases, sex, smoking, etc. Research on biomarkers like immune, neural, oxidative, vascular–metabolic parameters could help us to better understand the relationship between tinnitus and tinnitus-related diseases.

The current Special Issue of Brain Sciences aims to present the latest research on the clinical findings on “Risk Factors for Tinnitus and Tinnitus-Related Disease”.

Authors are invited to submit relevant original research and review papers.

Dr. Alessandra Fioretti
Dr. Alberto Eibenstein
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • tinnitus
  • anxiety
  • depression
  • stress
  • migraine
  • hearing loss
  • insomnia
  • biomarkers
  • noise
  • ototoxicity

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 545 KB  
Article
Tinnitus and Cognition in the Elderly: Unraveling the Impact of Symptom Burden on Cognitive Decline
by Sarah Alshehri and Abdulaziz Abdulrahman S. Al Hatem
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(8), 869; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15080869 - 15 Aug 2025
Viewed by 565
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Tinnitus has been increasingly recognized not only as an auditory disturbance but also as a condition that is potentially linked to cognitive decline, particularly in older adults. However, the relationship between tinnitus characteristics and cognitive impairment remains underexplored in clinical settings. This [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Tinnitus has been increasingly recognized not only as an auditory disturbance but also as a condition that is potentially linked to cognitive decline, particularly in older adults. However, the relationship between tinnitus characteristics and cognitive impairment remains underexplored in clinical settings. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the association between chronic tinnitus and cognitive function in adults aged 60 years and above using standardized tools, and (2) determine whether tinnitus severity and duration are associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 older adults, divided into tinnitus (n = 120) and non-tinnitus (n = 120) groups. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Cog (0–5) and SPMSQ (0–10) tools. Tinnitus severity and duration were evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and duration categories. Results: Participants with tinnitus were significantly older and had higher rates of hearing loss (58.33% vs. 33.33%, p = 0.001), depression (37.50% vs. 18.33%, p = 0.002), and poor sleep quality (51.67% vs. 31.67%, p = 0.003). Mini-Cog and SPMSQ scores were significantly lower in the tinnitus group (2.87 ± 1.14 vs. 3.52 ± 1.06; 6.95 ± 1.42 vs. 8.02 ± 1.18; both p < 0.001). Tinnitus presence, longer duration, and higher severity were independently associated with cognitive impairment. Each 10-point increase in THI score increased the odds of impairment by 45% (OR = 1.45, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tinnitus burden, particularly when severe and prolonged, is significantly associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. These findings highlight the need for cognitive screening and integrated management in this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Factors for Tinnitus and Tinnitus-Related Disease)
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