Molecular Determinants of Helicobacter pylori Pathogenicity and Antibiotic Resistance

A Special Issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X) belonging to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 1466

Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan
Interests: Helicobacter pylori; gastric cancer; virulence factors; epidemiology; human migration; antibiotics resistance; signal pathways; next generation sequencing
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Helicobacter pylori remains one of the most important human pathogens associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Although substantial progress has been made since its discovery, many of the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity, host adaptation, and clinical diversity remain incompletely understood. In parallel, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has become a major obstacle to successful eradication and effective gastric cancer prevention.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances in the molecular basis of H. pylori pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. We welcome original research articles and reviews addressing virulence factors, host–pathogen interactions, and resistance mechanisms, including studies using genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomic, metabolomic, structural, and other molecular approaches. We particularly encourage contributions that connect molecular findings with clinical outcomes and disease risk.

Prof. Dr. Yoshio Yamaoka
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Helicobacter pylori
  • pathogenicity
  • antibiotic resistance
  • virulence factors
  • host–pathogen interaction
  • gastric cancer
  • genomics
  • transcriptomics
  • proteomics
  • metabolomics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

27 pages, 2915 KB  
Article
Low-Abundance and Fragmentary Helicobacter pylori DNA Detected in Phenotypically Negative Gastric Biopsies Using Targeted Sequencing
by Fabien Mbaya-Tshibangu, Alain Cimuanga-Mukanya, Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba, Nadine Kayiba-Kalenda, Tressy Kalenga-Ngomba, Patrick de Jesus Ngoma-Kisoko, Gunturu Revathi, Junko Akada, Benoît Mbiya-Mukinayi, Augustin Tshibaka Kabongo, Ghislain Disashi-Tumba, Takashi Matsumoto and Yoshio Yamaoka
Biomolecules 2026, 16(6), 765; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16060765 - 22 May 2026
Viewed by 956
Abstract
Accurate detection and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Helicobacter pylori mainly rely on phenotypic methods and culture, which can sometimes fail when bacterial load is low or after recent treatment. We investigated whether gastric biopsies classified as H. pylori-negative by standard [...] Read more.
Accurate detection and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Helicobacter pylori mainly rely on phenotypic methods and culture, which can sometimes fail when bacterial load is low or after recent treatment. We investigated whether gastric biopsies classified as H. pylori-negative by standard diagnostic techniques still contain detectable bacterial DNA, including regions linked to AMR, and assessed whether selected DNA fragments can mediate allelic exchange in vitro. Gastric biopsies from 46 dyspeptic patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (including 23 phenotypically positive and 23 phenotypically negative individuals) were analyzed using long-read amplicon sequencing of seven resistance-associated loci, selective whole-genome amplification (sWGA) followed by long-read sequencing of H. pylori-enriched reads, and a proof-of-concept natural transformation assay. Phenotypically negative biopsies exhibited significantly lower sequencing depth across multiple loci (including 23S rRNA, gyrA, gyrB, and pbp1A; p = 0.003–0.014), indicating a reduced H. pylori DNA burden. However, AMR-associated mutations linked to various antibiotic classes were found in both groups. sWGA enabled recovery of fragmentary H. pylori sequence data from phenotypically negative samples, including reads that map to resistance- and virulence-associated genes. In vitro, 23S rRNA A2143G amplicons from both phenotypically positive and negative biopsies produced clarithromycin-resistant transformants in strain 26695. These findings indicate that phenotypically negative gastric biopsies might contain low-abundance and fragmentary H. pylori DNA. Although certain DNA fragments can mediate allelic exchange under controlled in vitro conditions, these results do not confirm bacterial viability, active infection, or clinically relevant in vivo resistance transfer. Therefore, they should be interpreted with caution in molecular AMR surveillance and detection contexts. Full article
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