Molecular Mechanism and Regulation of Adipogenesis, Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Metabolism

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Factors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 1448

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
Interests: immunometabolism; obesity; adipogenesis; adipose tissue inflammation; adipose immune microenvironment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The obesity epidemic has spread across the world and poses a health risk to the entire globe. Obesity leads to the development of several metabolic abnormalities, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and various immune-mediated disorders. Obesity is also associated with increased immune cell infiltration in the adipose tissue (AT).  AT infiltrates macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells (NK), and T cells that exhibit distinct phenotypes in healthy and obese conditions. AT-resident macrophages synergistically coordinate with adipocytes to orchestrate the body’s energy metabolism. The immune functions during AT inflammation and whether there is cross-talk between adipocytes and immune cells during obesity remains unclear. Thus, resetting the key signaling in AT during obesity and adipogenesis will provide an innovative approach to the management and therapeutics of obesity.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances made in the immunometabolism field that are useful in preventing the individual risk of developing metabolic disease and providing invaluable help for advancing therapeutic strategies to combat obesity and metabolic disease.

We encourage people interested in these topics to present original research articles, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of adipogenesis,  immunometabolism, and specific targets in the progression and development of obesity. A few critical and systematic review articles in this area of research that provide a few unique concluding remarks will be considered for inclusion in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Udai P Singh
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • immunometabolism
  • obesity
  • adipogenesis
  • adipose tissue inflammation
  • adipose immune microenvironment
  • immune-adipose tissue cross-talk
  • hormones
  • high-fat diet
  • metabolic disease

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

0 pages, 863 KB  
Review
Cathepsins as Core Players in Obesity Pathogenesis: Emerging Therapeutic Targets
by Jinghui Xie, Yingxiu Mei, Haofang Guan, Xiuwen Xia and Weijun Ding
Biomolecules 2026, 16(5), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16050730 - 15 May 2026
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Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with multiple serious complications and has become a major global public health problem. Accumulating evidence indicates that members of the cathepsin (Cath) family play an important role in the development of obesity pathogenesis, thereby emerging as [...] Read more.
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with multiple serious complications and has become a major global public health problem. Accumulating evidence indicates that members of the cathepsin (Cath) family play an important role in the development of obesity pathogenesis, thereby emerging as promising therapeutic targets for intervention. This study summarizes the multiple regulatory mechanisms of Caths involved in obesity and discusses their regulation of adipocyte differentiation, cell death, metabolism, and adipose tissue inflammation. Building on these mechanisms, we further elaborate on three novel strategies targeting Caths for obesity intervention, including selective small-molecule inhibitor development, targeted delivery systems via nanocarriers, and gene modulation approaches targeting specific Cath subtypes. Despite robust preclinical data demonstrating the efficacy of Cath-targeted interventions in ameliorating obesity and associated metabolic disorders, several critical challenges impede their clinical translation, notably: functional redundancy among Cath family members, off-target effects and unpredictable long-term safety profiles, limited subtype selectivity of existing inhibitors and immunogenicity risks associated with nanodelivery systems. To promote strategies for the clinical translation of Cath-targeted anti-obesity therapies, future research priorities should encompass artificial intelligence (AI)-driven high-throughput screening and rational design of highly selective Cath inhibitors, validation of specific Cath subtypes as clinically actionable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for obesity and metabolic risk stratification, and the development of personalized precision medicine strategies tailored to individual metabolic phenotypes and Cath expression profiles. Full article
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20 pages, 1336 KB  
Review
C/EBPδ as a Regulatory Node in Adipocytes: Roles in Differentiation, Metabolism, and Immune Function
by Suining Ma, Meiting Lai, Tongjun Li, Lexun Wang and Xianglu Rong
Biomolecules 2026, 16(5), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16050641 - 24 Apr 2026
Viewed by 611
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) is a rapidly responsive transcription factor that occupies an important regulatory position in adipocytes. Induced during the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, C/EBPδ integrates hormonal, inflammatory, metabolic, and stress-related cues and contributes to the coordination of downstream transcriptional and [...] Read more.
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) is a rapidly responsive transcription factor that occupies an important regulatory position in adipocytes. Induced during the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, C/EBPδ integrates hormonal, inflammatory, metabolic, and stress-related cues and contributes to the coordination of downstream transcriptional and functional programs. Beyond its role in the initiation of differentiation, C/EBPδ is also involved in adipogenic progression, metabolic regulation, and immune-related functions in adipocytes. Current evidence indicates that C/EBPδ participates in early adipogenic regulatory networks, contributes to lipid metabolic programs, and is associated with immune-regulatory processes linked to lipid antigen presentation. Notably, the biological output of C/EBPδ is strongly shaped by tissue type, developmental stage, and microenvironmental context, ranging from promotion of adipogenic differentiation to regulation of inflammatory, metabolic, and adaptive stress responses under distinct physiological and pathological conditions. This review summarizes the upstream regulatory network, downstream functional framework, and context-dependent roles of C/EBPδ in adipocytes, and further discusses its potential relevance to adipose-related diseases as well as the opportunities and challenges for future precision intervention strategies. Full article
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