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Biomass
Special Issues
Fate and Migration of Biomass Products
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Fate and Migration of Biomass Products

A special issue of Biomass (ISSN 2673-8783).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (17 March 2024) | Viewed by 16401

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Amit K. Jaiswal

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Sustainable Packaging and Bioproducts Research (SPBR) Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
2. Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland
Interests: food engineering; industrial biotechnology; biobased chemicals; nutraceuticals; waste valorisation; novel food processing technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In our ongoing pursuit of non-fossil fuel sources, the crucial role of biomass, an abundant and versatile ecological alternative, has been widely recognized. The Special Issue “Fate and Migration of Biomass Products” represents an important facet of this conversation, highlighting the complex journey that biomass-derived products, such as biofuels, bioplastics, and biofertilizers, undertake within diverse ecosystems and engineered systems.

This Special Issue will not only be focusing on the intended lifecycle of these biomass products but also investigating potential deviations from expected pathways. This may be due to human intervention, environmental changes, and unforeseen chemical reactions. By encompassing the production, use, and disposal of biomass products, we aim to illustrate their overall environmental footprint and evaluate their sustainability potential. The scope of this Special Issue extends beyond the technical aspects of biomass production. It intertwines environmental science, policy, and socio-economic considerations, thereby providing a holistic perspective. This Special Issue aims to stimulate this discussion by focusing on the following key areas:

  • The fate of biomass products in the environment, including their degradation, transformation, and transport.
  • The migration of biomass products into the food chain and their potential health effects.
  • The development of new technologies to track and monitor the fate and migration of biomass products.

We invite you to contribute original research, review articles, and thought pieces that address these and related topics.

Dr. Amit K. Jaiswal
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomass is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomass degradation
  • biomass transformation
  • environmental impact of biomass
  • biomass transport
  • biomass product lifecycle
  • biomass migration
  • sustainability of biomass products
  • biomass monitoring technology
  • biomass policy and regulation

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1077 KiB  
Article
Conversion of Sweet Whey to Bioethanol: A Bioremediation Alternative for Dairy Industry
by Laura Conde-Báez, Cuauhtémoc F. Pineda-Muñoz, Carolina Conde-Mejía, Elizabeth Mas-Hernández and Antioco López-Molina
Biomass 2024, 4(2), 507-517; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass4020026 - 3 Jun 2024
Viewed by 962
Abstract
In many countries, whey from the dairy industry is an abundant waste that generates an important environmental impact. Alternative processes to use the whey and minimize the environmental impact are needed. This work considered six formulations with different ammonium sulfate and L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) [...] Read more.
In many countries, whey from the dairy industry is an abundant waste that generates an important environmental impact. Alternative processes to use the whey and minimize the environmental impact are needed. This work considered six formulations with different ammonium sulfate and L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) concentrations to produce bioethanol in sweet whey fermentation by Kluyveromyces marxianus. The results showed a maximum bioethanol concentration equal to 25.13 ± 0.37 g L−1 (p < 0.05) for formulation F6, with 1 g L−1 of L-Phe and 1.350 g L−1 of ammonium sulfate (96 h). For these conditions, the chemical oxygen demand removal percentage (CODR%) was 67%. The maximum CODR% obtained was 97.5% for formulation F3 (1 g L−1 of L-Phe) at 96 h; however, a significant decrease in bioethanol concentration (14.33 ± 2.58 g L−1) was observed. On the other hand, for formulation, F3, at 48 h of fermentation time, a bioethanol concentration of 23.71 ± 1.26 g L−1 was observed, with 76.5% CODR%. Based on these results, we suggest that the best conditions to obtain a significant bioethanol concentration and CODR% value are those used on the configuration F3 at 48 h. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fate and Migration of Biomass Products)
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22 pages, 2096 KiB  
Article
Laccase and Biomass Production via Submerged Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus Using Wine Lees
by Georgios Bakratsas, Kyriakos Antoniadis, Panagiotis E. Athanasiou, Petros Katapodis and Haralambos Stamatis
Biomass 2024, 4(1), 1-22; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass4010001 - 19 Dec 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1840
Abstract
Large quantities of wine lees are produced annually by the wine industry. The high phenolic content makes them unsuitable for disposal in the environment or animal feed without a suitable treatment. In this study, wine lees were treated by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged [...] Read more.
Large quantities of wine lees are produced annually by the wine industry. The high phenolic content makes them unsuitable for disposal in the environment or animal feed without a suitable treatment. In this study, wine lees were treated by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged cultivation, producing a high-value biomass and elevated levels of laccase, an important industrial enzyme. Biomass and laccase production reached 21 g/L and 74,000 Units/L, respectively, at the optimal conditions of initial pH 6.0, 20% v/v wine lees, 30 g/L glucose, and 20 g/L yeast extract, while decolorization and dephenolization rates of the waste were over 90%. The mycelial biomass was rich in proteins and essential amino acids reaching up to 43% and 16% per dry weight, respectively. Carbohydrates and lipids were the second richest bioactive compound in biomass, with values of 29.4 ± 2.7% and 29.5 ± 2.7%, respectively. The crude laccase in the culture supernatant was purified via a simple two-step purification procedure by 4.4-fold with a recovery of 44%. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 62 kDa via SDS electrophoresis. Enzyme activity was optimal at pH 5.0 and 70 °C. The activation energy of the enzyme was calculated at a value of 20.0 ± 0.2 kJ/mol. The pH stability and thermostability of the purified laccase were studied. The enzyme was remarkably stable at pH 8.0 and at temperatures up to 40 °C. The thermal inactivation energy of the enzyme was determined to be 76.0 ± 1.2 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH*, ΔG*, and ΔS*) for the thermal deactivation of the purified laccase at a temperature range of 20–60 °C were: 73.8 ≤ ΔH* ≤ 74.3 kJ·mol−1, 98.7 ≤ ΔG* ≤ 101.9 kJ·mol−1, and −90.5 ≤ ΔS* ≤ −84.3 J·mol−1·K−1. Wine lees could be ideal substrates of fungal cultivation for laccase production and biomass with a high protein content in an eco-friendlier way. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fate and Migration of Biomass Products)
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Review

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27 pages, 1767 KiB  
Review
Toward Circular Economy: Potentials of Spent Coffee Grounds in Bioproducts and Chemical Production
by Hisham Ahmed, Rasaq S. Abolore, Swarna Jaiswal and Amit K. Jaiswal
Biomass 2024, 4(2), 286-312; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass4020014 - 12 Apr 2024
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5820
Abstract
With growing concern over environmental sustainability and dwindling fossil resources, it is crucial to prioritise the development of alternative feedstocks to replace fossil resources. Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are an environmental burden with an estimated six million tons being generated on a wet [...] Read more.
With growing concern over environmental sustainability and dwindling fossil resources, it is crucial to prioritise the development of alternative feedstocks to replace fossil resources. Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are an environmental burden with an estimated six million tons being generated on a wet basis annually, globally. SCGs are rich in cellulose, lignin, protein, lipids, polyphenols and other bioactive compounds which are important raw materials for use in industries including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Furthermore, the energy sector has the potential to capitalize on the high calorific value of SCGs for biofuel and biogas production, offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. SCGs are readily available, abundant, and cheap, however, SCGs are currently underutilized, and a significant amount are dumped into landfills. This review explores the potential of SCGs as a source of a value-added compound through various conversion technologies employed in the valorisation of SCGs into biochar, biofuel, and important chemical building blocks. The state-of-the-art, current knowledge, future research to stimulate the creation of sustainable products, and the challenges and economic feasibility of exploring SCGs in a biorefinery context are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fate and Migration of Biomass Products)
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35 pages, 1125 KiB  
Review
Pulsed Electric Field Applications for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Food Waste and By-Products: A Critical Review
by Theodoros Chatzimitakos, Vassilis Athanasiadis, Dimitrios Kalompatsios, Martha Mantiniotou, Eleni Bozinou and Stavros I. Lalas
Biomass 2023, 3(4), 367-401; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass3040022 - 6 Nov 2023
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4632
Abstract
The food processing industry is a continuously developing sector that uses innovative technologies to efficiently process food products. During processing, food industries generate substantial amounts of by-products in the form of waste materials. This food waste consists of organic matter rich in bioactive [...] Read more.
The food processing industry is a continuously developing sector that uses innovative technologies to efficiently process food products. During processing, food industries generate substantial amounts of by-products in the form of waste materials. This food waste consists of organic matter rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and flavonoids. Improper management of food waste can adversely affect both the environment and human health, leading to environmental pollution and the release of greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, proper food waste management has become an urgent global issue. The presence of bioactive compounds (mainly polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, but also carotenoids, alkaloids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) in food waste holds the potential to transform them into valuable resources. Several sectors, including food and energy, have recognized food waste as an innovative source. Recently, much emphasis has been placed on optimizing the extraction yield of such bioactive compounds through the utilization of environmentally friendly and sustainable methodologies and solvents. Pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted extraction is an emerging technique that holds promise for the utilization of waste materials. PEF technology can efficiently optimize the extraction of valuable compounds within a shorter time while minimizing solvent and energy consumption. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of PEF technology and its implications for recovering bioactive compounds from food waste. The integration of innovative technologies like PEF in the food processing industry can play a crucial role in managing food waste sustainably, reducing environmental impact, and harnessing the full potential of bioactive compounds contained in these waste materials. The objective of this critical review is to provide an overview of the utilization of PEF pretreatment for food by-products and to conduct a comparative analysis with other extraction techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fate and Migration of Biomass Products)
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17 pages, 1105 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Feasibility of Cloud-Point Extraction for Bioactive Compound Recovery from Food Byproducts: A Review
by Theodoros Chatzimitakos, Vassilis Athanasiadis, Martha Mantiniotou, Dimitrios Kalompatsios, Eleni Bozinou, Ioannis Giovanoudis and Stavros I. Lalas
Biomass 2023, 3(3), 306-322; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass3030019 - 18 Sep 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2245
Abstract
In recent years, the production of food biomass waste has been increasing rapidly. This necessitates urgent measures to be taken so as to utilize them. Since most food biomass waste contains useful bioactive substances, cloud-point extraction (CPE) has emerged as a promising solution [...] Read more.
In recent years, the production of food biomass waste has been increasing rapidly. This necessitates urgent measures to be taken so as to utilize them. Since most food biomass waste contains useful bioactive substances, cloud-point extraction (CPE) has emerged as a promising solution to valorize waste. CPE is an extraction method employed for the extraction and preconcentration of various chemical compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids. As with any other extraction procedure, CPE isolates the target compound(s) from the sample, resulting in increased recovery. One major advantage of CPE is that the extraction is carried out without special equipment or harmful reagents. Moreover, other significant advantages are its effectiveness, simplicity, safety, and rapidity. This review focuses on the extraction of bioactive compounds from food-based waste using CPE and highlights the important parameters that can be tuned to improve the performance of CPE. Furthermore, the potential in promoting environmentally friendly practices within the food industry is also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fate and Migration of Biomass Products)
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