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Biology
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Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease (3rd Edition)
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Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease (3rd Edition)

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 2301

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hao Zhong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
Interests: probiotics; insulin resistance; obesity; gut microbiota; bile acids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Fengqin Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: bioactive peptides; fatty acids; hyperuricemia; metabolic syndrome; immune response; ‘gut-X’ axis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is growing interest in elucidating how the gut microbiome modulates our physiology, in both health and disease. Recent technological advancements and expanded efforts have led to tremendous growth in our collective knowledge of the host microbiome. The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect what is known about the gut microbiome, how it is connected to the development of disease, and to identify bacterial and biochemical targets. In addition, this Special Issue is also concerned with the nutrition–gut microbiome–physiology axis.

This Special Issue welcomes research papers and reviews that cover a wide range of topics, including food nutrition and the gut microbiome, as well as metabolite biomarkers and underlying mechanisms. We hope to expand upon what is currently known about the gut microbiota in this Special Issue by collecting cutting-edge findings in order to shed light on how the gut microbiome can control health and disease.

Dr. Hao Zhong
Prof. Dr. Fengqin Feng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • ‘gut–X’ axis
  • dysbiosis
  • food nutrition
  • metabolites
  • type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • gut health
  • immunity

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Related Special Issues

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 2197 KB  
Article
Early-Life Diarrhea Disrupts Antioxidant–Immune Homeostasis and Gut Microbiota in Suckling Calves
by Xi Liang, Xueqiang Li, Ningning Mi, Yingga Wu, Jingze Wu, Hui Chen and Dacheng Liu
Biology 2026, 15(6), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15060450 - 10 Mar 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 617
Abstract
Calf diarrhea is a common early-life disorder that adversely affects growth, oxidative balance, immune function, and intestinal microbiota, thereby compromising health and production performance. This study systematically investigates the effects of naturally occurring diarrhea in 7-day-old suckling calves on oxidative stress, immune responses, [...] Read more.
Calf diarrhea is a common early-life disorder that adversely affects growth, oxidative balance, immune function, and intestinal microbiota, thereby compromising health and production performance. This study systematically investigates the effects of naturally occurring diarrhea in 7-day-old suckling calves on oxidative stress, immune responses, intestinal barrier integrity, and gut microbiota structure and function. Fecal scores, serum antioxidant and immune indices, and intestinal permeability markers were measured, and fecal samples were subjected to metagenomic sequencing. Diarrhea-affected calves exhibited higher fecal scores, increased oxidative stress indicated by reduced total antioxidant capacity, elevated lipid peroxidation, and altered antioxidant enzyme activities. Humoral immunity was impaired, inflammatory responses were dysregulated, and intestinal barrier function was disrupted. Gut microbial diversity declined, showing a depletion in health-associated taxa and the enrichment of opportunistic pathogens. Correlation analyses revealed that pathogenic bacteria abundance positively associated with diarrhea severity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and barrier disruption, while beneficial genera correlated with antioxidant and immune function. Functional profiling indicated a microbial shift from amino acid metabolism and antioxidant homeostasis toward carbohydrate and energy metabolism under diarrheic conditions. These findings highlight the pivotal role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in diarrhea pathogenesis and provide a foundation for developing microbiome-targeted interventions to improve calf health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease (3rd Edition))
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Review

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24 pages, 4950 KB  
Review
Benefits of Sea Cucumber Viscera on Gut Microbiota and Their Implications for Health
by Hao Zhong, Huange Zhang, Weiming Liu, Muhammad Hussain, Hui Chen and Pengbo Cui
Biology 2026, 15(4), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15040365 - 22 Feb 2026
Viewed by 1240
Abstract
Sea cucumber viscera, the primary by-product of processing, are generated in increasing quantities annually, leading to significant environmental pollution and resource wastage. Nevertheless, they are rich in nutrients and possess diverse bioactivities. This review provides a detailed elucidation of the bioactive components found [...] Read more.
Sea cucumber viscera, the primary by-product of processing, are generated in increasing quantities annually, leading to significant environmental pollution and resource wastage. Nevertheless, they are rich in nutrients and possess diverse bioactivities. This review provides a detailed elucidation of the bioactive components found in sea cucumber viscera, such as peptides, sulfated polysaccharides, saponins, and lipids. It further elaborates on how these visceral bioactives reshape the gut microbial ecosystem—notably by increasing the abundance of beneficial genera, such as Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, and promoting the production of beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and indole derivatives. Through these mechanisms, the components demonstrate potential, either directly or indirectly, to improve glucose and lipid metabolic disorders, enhance immune function, alleviate inflammation-related diseases, exert anti-aging effects, and reduce uric acid levels. However, the molecular mechanisms through which individually extracted bioactive components from sea cucumber viscera exert their health benefits by modulating the gut microecology in animal models or clinical trials remain to be fully elucidated. This review aims to offer a scientific foundation for the high-value application of sea cucumber viscera. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease (3rd Edition))
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