Microbial Life at the Extremes: From Environmental Diversity to Functional Insights

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 692

Special Issue Editors


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Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering (IDSSE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Sanya 572000, China
Interests: extreme microbiology; biotechnology; bioinformatics
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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES), University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa
Interests: biotechnology; microbiology; metagenomics; bioinformatics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microorganisms thriving in extreme environments, such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hypersaline lakes, polar regions, acidic hot springs, high-pressure ecosystems, and human-made (synthetic) extreme environments like acid mine drainage (AMD), represent some of the earliest and most resilient forms of life. Their unique metabolic and physiological adaptations provide critical insights into the limits of life on Earth and, potentially, beyond it. This Special Issue aims to explore the diversity, ecological roles, and functional adaptations of microorganisms in both natural and synthetic extreme environments, emphasizing their significance in ecosystem functioning, biogeochemical cycles, and biotechnology potential. We seek to showcase novel findings in microbial genomics, functional adaptations, biosignatures, and survival strategies under extreme conditions, with relevance to extremobiology, astrobiology, and biotechnology. We invite original research articles, reviews, and short communications focusing on microbial diversity, functional genomics, metabolic pathways, biosignatures, and biotechnological applications in natural and human-made extreme environments.

Dr. Ramganesh Selvarajan
Dr. Henry Joseph Oduor Ogola
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • extremophiles
  • microbial diversity
  • functional adaptation
  • extreme environment
  • synthetic extreme environments
  • biosignatures
 

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

27 pages, 3565 KiB  
Article
Thiocapsa, Lutimaribacter, and Delftia Are Major Bacterial Taxa Facilitating the Coupling of Sulfur Oxidation and Nutrient Recycling in the Sulfide-Rich Isinuka Spring in South Africa
by Henry Joseph Oduor Ogola, Ramganesh Selvarajan, Somandla Ncube and Lawrence Madikizela
Biology 2025, 14(5), 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14050503 - 5 May 2025
Viewed by 580
Abstract
Sulfur cycling is a fundamental biogeochemical process, yet its microbial underpinnings in environments like the Isinuka sulfur pool remain poorly understood. Using high-throughput Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing and PICRUSt-based functional inference, we analyzed bacterial diversity and metabolic potential in sediment and water samples. [...] Read more.
Sulfur cycling is a fundamental biogeochemical process, yet its microbial underpinnings in environments like the Isinuka sulfur pool remain poorly understood. Using high-throughput Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing and PICRUSt-based functional inference, we analyzed bacterial diversity and metabolic potential in sediment and water samples. Sediments, characterized by high sulfide/sulfate/thiosulfate, salinity, alkalinity, and organic matter content under anoxic conditions, supported diverse sulfur-reducing and organic-degrading bacteria, primarily from the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria phyla. In contrast, the anoxic water column harbored a less diverse community dominated by α-, γ-, and β-Proteobacteria, including Thiocapsa and Lutimaribacter. Sulfur oxidation genes (soxABCXYZ, sqr) were abundant in water, while sulfate reduction genes (dsrAB, aprAB, and sat/met3) were concentrated in sediments. Core microbiome analysis identified Thiocapsa, Lutimaribacter, and Delftia as functional keystones, integrating sulfur oxidation and nutrient recycling. Sediments supported dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria (unclassified Desulfobacteraceae, Desulfosarcina, Desulfococcus, Desulfotignum, and Desulfobacter), while water samples were enriched in sulfur-oxidizing bacteria like Thiocapsa. Metabolic profiling revealed extensive sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon cycling pathways, with sulfur autotrophic denitrification and anoxygenic photosynthesis coupling sulfur–nitrogen and sulfur–carbon cycles. This study provides key theoretical insights into the microbial dynamics in sulfur-rich environments, highlighting their roles in biogeochemical cycling and potential applications in environmental management. Full article
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