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Biology
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Evaluation of Bioelectrical Proprieties and Body Composition in Athletes and...
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Evaluation of Bioelectrical Proprieties and Body Composition in Athletes and Exercisers

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 8477

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Francesco Campa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
Interests: anthropometry; bioelectrical impedance analysis; body composition; nutritional factors; exercise testing; growth; sports performance; lifestyle
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The current definitions of athletes identify people engaged in competitive sporting events individually or in teams, with high physical performance and specific training methods. On the other hand, exercisers are identified as people who participate in physical activity with the motivation to increase fitness, promote health, improve physique, and learn or refine skills.

The assessment of body composition is crucial for athletes as well as exercisers. In fact, the evaluation of body composition characteristics allows us to evaluate the benefits of a training strategy or the effects of aging or growth, as well as the effectiveness of nutritional strategies. Additionally, nutritionists, medical doctors, or trainers evaluate body composition to set nutritional intervention strategies or training programs. The body composition components can be accurately examined through densitometric (hydrostatic weighing and displacement plethysmography), imaging (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance, and computed tomography), or dilution techniques. However, these methods are expensive, non-transportable, and require long measurement times in addition to specialized personnel. For this reason, low-cost and user-friendly techniques are often preferred in both sports research and practice.

In these contexts, the bioelectrical impedance analysis is widely used to quantify body composition elements (e.g., fat and fat-free mass, body fluids, muscle mass) and are based on predictive equations developed comparing with densitometry, imaging, and dilution techniques as reference. Starting from the unique impedance properties of each tissue, several regression equations have been implemented to obtain several body composition parameters.

Contemporary researchers have contributed to the field of body composition research in the development of new measurement methods and training strategies. The objective of this Special Issue is to: i) propose innovative evaluation methods for assessing body composition using the bioelectric impedance analysis; ii) report the effects of training and supplementation strategies aimed at improving body composition in different populations; and iii) highlight the associations of bioelectrical proprieties and body composition features with physical performance and health status.

Investigators that have conducted studies on these topics are invited to submit manuscripts for consideration for this Special Issue in Biology.

Dr. Francesco Campa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • body composition
  • athletes
  • exercisers
  • bioimpedance analysis
  • BIA
  • bioelectrical impedance vector analysis
  • BIVA
  • training
  • nutrition

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 810 KiB  
Article
Body Composition and Strength Symmetry of Kettlebell Sport Athletes
by Silvia Stagi, Gabriele Mulliri, Azzurra Doneddu, Giovanna Ghiani and Elisabetta Marini
Biology 2023, 12(3), 440; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12030440 - 12 Mar 2023
Viewed by 2553
Abstract
Kettlebell sport (KBs) is increasingly popular, but very few studies have been focused on this discipline. This research aims to investigate the effects of KBs on body composition, strength symmetry, and segmental body composition symmetry in a sample of Italian elite athletes. Data [...] Read more.
Kettlebell sport (KBs) is increasingly popular, but very few studies have been focused on this discipline. This research aims to investigate the effects of KBs on body composition, strength symmetry, and segmental body composition symmetry in a sample of Italian elite athletes. Data were collected from a sample of 16 athletes of both sexes (11 men and 5 women; 34.5 ± 9.0 years of age). Anthropometric (height, weight, arm, thigh, calf, and waist circumferences), hand grip strength, and total and segmental bioelectrical variables were taken. Body composition was analysed by using specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA). Paired t-tests and confidence ellipses were applied to analyse bilateral differences. Elite athletes of both sexes showed high values of phase angle, indicative of high body cell mass and quality and proxy of muscle mass. Hand grip strength and body composition were symmetrical, with the only exception of a higher %FM in the right leg (Zsp: t = 3.556; p = 0.003). In conclusion, this study suggests that KBs contributes to muscle mass improvement, body composition, and strength symmetry, especially in the upper body. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evaluation of Bioelectrical Proprieties and Body Composition in Athletes and Exercisers)
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10 pages, 560 KiB  
Article
Breaking of Sitting Time Prevents Lower Leg Swelling—Comparison among Sit, Stand and Intermittent (Sit-to-Stand Transitions) Conditions
by Rúben Francisco, Catarina L. Nunes, João Breda, Filipe Jesus, Henry Lukaski, Luís B. Sardinha and Analiza M. Silva
Biology 2022, 11(6), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11060899 - 10 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1757
Abstract
Background: Sitting or standing during prolonged periods is related to leg swelling. It is unknown if interrupting sedentary behavior can attenuate lower leg swelling. We aimed to examine if adding sit-to-stand transitions prevents lower leg swelling as compared with uninterrupted motionless standing and [...] Read more.
Background: Sitting or standing during prolonged periods is related to leg swelling. It is unknown if interrupting sedentary behavior can attenuate lower leg swelling. We aimed to examine if adding sit-to-stand transitions prevents lower leg swelling as compared with uninterrupted motionless standing and sitting, using localized bioelectrical impedance raw parameters. Methods: Twenty adults participated in this crossover randomized controlled trial and acted out three conditions: (1) uninterrupted, motionless standing; (2) uninterrupted motionless sitting; (3) sit-to-stand transitions (1 min sitting followed by 1 min standing). Localized resistance (R), reactance (Xc), impedance (Z) and phase angle (PhA) were assessed at baseline, at 10 min and at 20 min for each condition. Results: For sitting and standing conditions, R and Xc values decreased after 10 and 20 min. Uninterrupted sitting resulted in the highest decrease in R (ΔSit − ΔStand = −9.5 Ω (4.0), p = 0.019; ΔSit − ΔInt = −11.6 Ω (4.0), p = 0.005). For standardized R (R/knee height), sitting was the condition with a greater decrease (ΔSit − ΔStand = −30.5 Ω/m (13.4), p = 0.025; ΔSit − ΔInt = −35.0 Ω/m (13.5), p = 0.011). Conclusions: Interrupting sedentary behavior by changing from sit to stand position during short periods may be effective at preventing leg swelling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evaluation of Bioelectrical Proprieties and Body Composition in Athletes and Exercisers)
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11 pages, 1394 KiB  
Article
Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis Discriminates Aerobic Power in Futsal Players: The Role of Body Composition
by Catarina N. Matias, Francesco Campa, Giuseppe Cerullo, Giuseppe D’Antona, Rita Giro, João Faleiro, Joana F. Reis, Cristina P. Monteiro, Maria J. Valamatos and Filipe J. Teixeira
Biology 2022, 11(4), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11040505 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3445
Abstract
Aims: The present study aimed to assess the ability of bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in discriminating fitness levels in futsal players, exploring the association of body composition and bioelectrical parameters with aerobic power. Methods: Forty-eight professional futsal players (age 23.8 ± 5.3 [...] Read more.
Aims: The present study aimed to assess the ability of bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in discriminating fitness levels in futsal players, exploring the association of body composition and bioelectrical parameters with aerobic power. Methods: Forty-eight professional futsal players (age 23.8 ± 5.3 years) were involved in a cross-sectional study during their pre-season phase. Fat mass (FM) and muscle mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. VO2max was obtained by indirect calorimetry through a graded exercise test performed on a treadmill. Bioelectrical resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PhA) were directly measured using a foot-to-hand bioimpedance technology at a 50 kHz frequency. Bioelectric R and Xc were standardized for the participants’ height and used to plot the bioimpedance vector in the R-Xc graph according to the BIVA approach. Results: The participants divided into groups of VO2max limited by tertiles showed significant differences in mean vector position in the R-Xc graph (p < 0.001), where a higher VO2max resulted in a longer vector and upper positioning. FM, muscle mass, and PhA differed (p < 0.01) among the athletes grouped by tertiles of VO2max, where athletes with a greater aerobic power showed a lower percentage of FM and a higher percentage of muscle mass and PhA. FM and PhA were associated with VO2max (FM: r = −0.658, p < 0.001; PhA: r = 0.493, p < 0.001). These relationships remained significant after adjusting for age and body mass (FM: ß = −0.335, p = 0.046; PhA: ß = 0.351, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Bioelectrical impedance vectors positioned on the lower pole of the R-Xc graph identified futsal players with a lower VO2max, while longer vectors corresponded to a greater aerobic power. Additionally, PhA, that describes the vector direction, was positively associated with VO2max, while a higher FM negatively affected VO2max in the futsal players. BIVA and PhA evaluation may represent a valid support for screening the aerobic fitness level in professional futsal players, when more sophisticated assessment methods are not available. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evaluation of Bioelectrical Proprieties and Body Composition in Athletes and Exercisers)
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