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Recent Advances in Biosynthesis and Degradation of Plant Anthocyanin
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Recent Advances in Biosynthesis and Degradation of Plant Anthocyanin

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2025 | Viewed by 12723

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Qinsong Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: plant secondary metabolites; seed dormancy; bud dormancy
Prof. Dr. Minjie Qian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Tropical Horticultural Crops, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
Interests: regulation and molecular mechanism of fruit quality
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute your recent work on anthocyanin to our Special Issue: Recent Advances in Biosynthesis and Degradation of Plant Anthocyanin. As we all know, anthocyanin is crucial for plant defense, pollination, and human health. Researchers have been working on the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and degradation for decades. However, this mechanism might be distinct for various species and biological processes.

This Special Issue aims to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results to reveal the detailed mechanisms of biosynthesis and the degradation of plant anthocyanin.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: plant biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and multi-omics study. Reviews are encouraged to focus on one or two specific biological processes during which anthocyanin is synthesized or degraded and introduce detailed advances.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Qinsong Yang
Dr. Minjie Qian
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anthocyanin
  • fruit ripening
  • flowering coloration
  • leaf coloration
  • secondary metabolite
  • molecular mechanism

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 11495 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Identification of the TIFY Family in Longan and Their Potential Functional Analysis in Anthocyanin Synthesis
by Haowei Qing, Ziang Wu, Xiao Mo, Jinjv Wei, Yuyu Shi, Huiqin Guo, Jiongzhi Xu, Feng Ding and Shuwei Zhang
Biology 2025, 14(4), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14040364 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 436
Abstract
TIFY is one of the plant-specific transcription factors, which is extensively involved in regulating plant development, stress response, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, we identified 19 DlTIFY genes from the longan genome data. All of them contained the conserved TIFY [...] Read more.
TIFY is one of the plant-specific transcription factors, which is extensively involved in regulating plant development, stress response, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, we identified 19 DlTIFY genes from the longan genome data. All of them contained the conserved TIFY domain, and these 19 DlTIFYs were distributed on 9 out of the 15 chromosomes of longan. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the TIFY protein sequences from Arabidopsis, rice, orange, and grape. They were clustered into six groups, with the TIFYs from longan showing the closest homology to those from orange. Duplication events were present between DlTIFY1 and DlTIFY5, DlTIFY4 and DlTIFY6, and DlTIFY16 and DlTIFY17. There are several light-responsive elements, Abscisic Acid (ABA)-, Gibberellic Aci (GA)-, and Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA)-responsive elements, in the promoter regions of longan TIFY genes. Additionally, the flavonoid biosynthetic gene regulation elements were presented in the promoter of DlTIFY7, DlTIFY10, and DlTIFY11, suggesting their involvement in flavonoid synthesis regulation of longan. We also found that the expression of DlTIFY7 in the stem and pericarp was significantly higher than that in other tissues. Interestingly, the outer edge of the corolla exhibited a green hue with a faint reddish tint across the corolla in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing DlTIFY7. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that DlTIFY7 is expressed in the nucleus. These findings suggest that DlTIFY7 may serve as a novel candidate transcription factor negatively regulating anthocyanin synthesis in longan. This study provides valuable insights into the functional characterization of longan DlTIFY genes and lays a foundation for future research on their roles in regulating plant development and secondary metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biosynthesis and Degradation of Plant Anthocyanin)
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16 pages, 24261 KiB  
Article
The Mutations in RcMYB114 Affect Anthocyanin Glycoside Accumulation in Rose
by Maofu Li, Yuan Yang, Hua Wang, Pei Sun, Shuting Zhou, Yanhui Kang, Xiangyi Sun, Min Jin and Wanmei Jin
Biology 2025, 14(3), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14030258 - 4 Mar 2025
Viewed by 782
Abstract
In plants, the R2R3-MYB transcription factors are one of the largest MYB gene families. These MYB transcription factors are very important for regulating plant growth and development. RcMYB114, RcbHLH, and RcWD40 promote anthocyanin accumulation by forming the MBW (MYB-bHLH-WD40) complex and determine the [...] Read more.
In plants, the R2R3-MYB transcription factors are one of the largest MYB gene families. These MYB transcription factors are very important for regulating plant growth and development. RcMYB114, RcbHLH, and RcWD40 promote anthocyanin accumulation by forming the MBW (MYB-bHLH-WD40) complex and determine the rose flower’s color. RcMYB114 genomic sequences differ between the red petal and white varieties. Two non-synonymous substitutions were found in the open reading frame. It leads to a change in amino acids. Here, the anthocyanin content showed that there was no anthocyanin in white petals, while the anthocyanin content in red petals increased firstly at stage 2, decreased slightly at stage 4, and then increased again at stage 5. The spatiotemporal expression pattern analysis showed that RcMYB114 was not expressed in all petals and tissues of white petals at different flower development stages. In red petal varieties, RcMYB114 was highly expressed in petals, followed by styles, and not expressed in stems, young leaves, and stage 1 of flower development. However, RcMYB114 has the highest expression level at the blooming stage. The RcMYB114 sequence contains 9 SNPs in the coding region, 7 of which were synonymous substitutions that had no effect on the translation product and 2 of which were non-synonymous substitutions that resulted in amino acid alteration at positions 116 and 195, respectively. The RcMYB114 gene in red rose was named RcMYB114a, and in white rose was RcMYB114b. RcMYB114c was mutated into leucine via artificial mutation; it was valine at position 116 of RcMYB114a, and Glycine mutated into Arginine at position 195 of RcMYB114a was RcMYB114d. RcMYB114b was the double mutation at positions 116 and 195 of RcMYB114a. The results of yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that RcMYB114a and its missense mutations RcMYB114b, RcMYB114c, and RcMYB114d could both interact with RcbHLH and RcWD40 to form the MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex. A transient transformation experiment in tobacco confirmed that RcMYB114a and its missense mutations RcMYB114b, RcMYB114c, and RcMYB114d could significantly promote the high expression of related structural genes in tobacco, together with the RcbHLH gene, which led to the accumulation of anthocyanins and produced the red color of the leaves. The RcMYB114a gene and its missense mutations RcMYB114b, RcMYB114c, and RcMYB114d interacted with the RcbHLH gene and significantly regulated the accumulation of anthocyanins. The two non-synonymous mutations of RcMYB114 do not affect the function of the gene itself, but the content of the anthocyanins accumulated was different. This study should provide clues and references for further research on the molecular mechanism underlying the determination of rose petal color. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biosynthesis and Degradation of Plant Anthocyanin)
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14 pages, 2903 KiB  
Article
Identification and Characterisation of the CircRNAs Involved in the Regulation of Leaf Colour in Quercus mongolica
by Yangchen Yuan, Xinbo Pang, Jiushuai Pang, Qian Wang, Miaomiao Zhou, Yan Lu, Chenyang Xu and Dazhuang Huang
Biology 2024, 13(3), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13030183 - 14 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1680
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulatory molecules involved in various biological processes. However, the potential function of circRNAs in the turning red process of Quercus mongolica leaves is unclear. This study used RNA-seq data to identify 6228 circRNAs in leaf samples from four [...] Read more.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulatory molecules involved in various biological processes. However, the potential function of circRNAs in the turning red process of Quercus mongolica leaves is unclear. This study used RNA-seq data to identify 6228 circRNAs in leaf samples from four different developmental stages and showed that 88 circRNAs were differentially expressed. A correlation analysis was performed between anthocyanins and the circRNAs. A total of 16 circRNAs that may be involved in regulating the colour of Mongolian oak leaves were identified. CircRNAs may affect the colour of Q. mongolica leaves by regulating auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene, and abscisic acid. This study revealed the potential role of circRNAs in the colour change of Q. mongolica leaves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biosynthesis and Degradation of Plant Anthocyanin)
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19 pages, 6641 KiB  
Article
Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Flower Color Differentiation Mechanisms in Various Sophora japonica L. Petal Types
by Lingshan Guan, Jinshi Liu, Ruilong Wang, Yanjuan Mu, Tao Sun, Lili Wang, Yunchao Zhao, Nana Zhu, Xinyue Ji, Yizeng Lu and Yan Wang
Biology 2023, 12(12), 1466; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12121466 - 25 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2395
Abstract
Sophora japonica L. is an important landscaping and ornamental tree species throughout southern and northern parts of China. The most common color of S. japonica petals is yellow and white. In this study, S. japonica flower color mutants with yellow and white flag [...] Read more.
Sophora japonica L. is an important landscaping and ornamental tree species throughout southern and northern parts of China. The most common color of S. japonica petals is yellow and white. In this study, S. japonica flower color mutants with yellow and white flag petals and light purple-red wing and keel petals were used for transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of flower color variation in S. japonica ‘AM’ mutant, 36 anthocyanin metabolites were screened in the anthocyanin-targeting metabolome. The results demonstrated that cyanidins such as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside in the ‘AM’ mutant were the key metabolites responsible for the red color of the wing and keel petals. Transcriptome sequencing and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis identified the key structural genes and transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Among these, F3′5′H, ANS, UFGT79B1, bHLH, and WRKY expression was significantly correlated with the cyanidin-type anthocyanins (key regulatory factors affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis) in the flag, wing, and keel petals in S. japonica at various flower development stages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biosynthesis and Degradation of Plant Anthocyanin)
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13 pages, 2399 KiB  
Article
Involvement of a MYB Transcription Factor in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis during Chinese Bayberry (Morella rubra) Fruit Ripening
by Saisai Li, Yijuan Zhang, Liyu Shi, Shifeng Cao, Wei Chen and Zhenfeng Yang
Biology 2023, 12(7), 894; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12070894 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1920
Abstract
Anthocyanin is a class of water-soluble flavonoids found in Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra) that is not only responsible for the variety of colors visible in nature but also has numerous health-promoting benefits in humans. Through comparative transcriptomics, we isolated and identified [...] Read more.
Anthocyanin is a class of water-soluble flavonoids found in Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra) that is not only responsible for the variety of colors visible in nature but also has numerous health-promoting benefits in humans. Through comparative transcriptomics, we isolated and identified a transcription factor (TF) of the R2R3-MYB type, MrMYB9, in order to explore the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in red and white Chinese bayberries. MrMYB9 transcript was positively correlated with anthocyanin level and anthocyanin biosynthetic gene expression during Chinese bayberry fruit maturation (R-values in the range 0.54–0.84, p < 0.05). Sequence analysis revealed that MrMYB9 shared a similar R2R3 domain with MYB activators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in other plants. MrMYB9 substantially transactivated promoters of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related EBGs (MrCHI, MrF3’H, and MrANS) and LBGs (MrUFGT) upon co-expression of the AtEGL3 gene. Our findings indicated that MrMYB9 may positively modulate anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese bayberry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biosynthesis and Degradation of Plant Anthocyanin)
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Review

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18 pages, 1559 KiB  
Review
For a Colorful Life: Recent Advances in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis during Leaf Senescence
by Ziqi Pei, Yifei Huang, Junbei Ni, Yong Liu and Qinsong Yang
Biology 2024, 13(5), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13050329 - 9 May 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4067
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the last stage of leaf development, and it is accompanied by a leaf color change. In some species, anthocyanins are accumulated during leaf senescence, which are vital indicators for both ornamental and commercial value. Therefore, it is essential to understand [...] Read more.
Leaf senescence is the last stage of leaf development, and it is accompanied by a leaf color change. In some species, anthocyanins are accumulated during leaf senescence, which are vital indicators for both ornamental and commercial value. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation during leaf senescence, which would provide new insight into autumn coloration and molecular breeding for more colorful plants. Anthocyanin accumulation is a surprisingly complex process, and significant advances have been made in the past decades. In this review, we focused on leaf coloration during senescence. We emphatically discussed several networks linked to genetic, hormonal, environmental, and nutritional factors in regulating anthocyanin accumulation during leaf senescence. This paper aims to provide a regulatory model for leaf coloration and to put forward some prospects for future development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biosynthesis and Degradation of Plant Anthocyanin)
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