Immune Microenvironment and Molecular Mechanism of Glioma

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 6505

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
Interests: immunology; oncology; infection; gamma/delta T cells; extracellular vesicles

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors in adults. Conventionally, gliomas have been classified based on their histology by immunohistochemistry methods. However, in 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced molecular markers in its classification, enabling a more accurate description and prognosis for these tumors according to their molecular characteristics. Of note, the latest treatment for gliomas is surgical resection, combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, relapse is common, especially for glioblastomas (GBM; WHO grade IV), which are refractory to standard treatments because of their infiltration nature. Therefore, current therapies are only a temporary and limited solution. More recently, cancer immunotherapy, which has shown impressive results in the treatment of extracranial tumor types, is now being used for GBM treatment. However, disappointing outcomes of clinical studies involving immunotherapy treatment exposed the need for new approaches against GBM. Furthermore, GBM’s microenvironment is rich in immunosuppressive factors, such as cytokines like transforming growth factor-β and IL-10, which can polarize immune cells into a regulatory profile, thus contributing to tumor growth. This Special Issue will focus on original papers covering topics related to “Immune Microenvironment and Molecular Mechanism of Glioma” that present advances in those fields.

Dr. Carolina Cristina Jancic
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gliomas
  • tumor microenvironment
  • immune response
  • tumor evasion
  • tumor resistance
  • immunotherapy
 

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

35 pages, 2452 KiB  
Review
IDH Mutations in Glioma: Molecular, Cellular, Diagnostic, and Clinical Implications
by Kristian A. Choate, Evan P. S. Pratt, Matthew J. Jennings, Robert J. Winn and Paul B. Mann
Biology 2024, 13(11), 885; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13110885 - 30 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3544
Abstract
In 2021, the World Health Organization classified isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas as a distinct subgroup of tumors with genetic changes sufficient to enable a complete diagnosis. Patients with an IDH mutant glioma have improved survival which has been further enhanced [...] Read more.
In 2021, the World Health Organization classified isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas as a distinct subgroup of tumors with genetic changes sufficient to enable a complete diagnosis. Patients with an IDH mutant glioma have improved survival which has been further enhanced by the advent of targeted therapies. IDH enzymes contribute to cellular metabolism, and mutations to specific catalytic residues result in the neomorphic production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). The accumulation of D-2-HG results in epigenetic alterations, oncogenesis and impacts the tumor microenvironment via immunological modulations. Here, we summarize the molecular, cellular, and clinical implications of IDH mutations in gliomas as well as current diagnostic techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Microenvironment and Molecular Mechanism of Glioma)
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20 pages, 2836 KiB  
Review
Role of T Lymphocytes in Glioma Immune Microenvironment: Two Sides of a Coin
by Laiba Noor, Arun Upadhyay and Vibhuti Joshi
Biology 2024, 13(10), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13100846 - 21 Oct 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2317
Abstract
Glioma is known for its immunosuppressive microenvironment, which makes it challenging to target through immunotherapies. Immune cells like macrophages, microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and T lymphocytes are known to infiltrate the glioma tumor microenvironment and regulate immune response distinctively. Among the variety of [...] Read more.
Glioma is known for its immunosuppressive microenvironment, which makes it challenging to target through immunotherapies. Immune cells like macrophages, microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and T lymphocytes are known to infiltrate the glioma tumor microenvironment and regulate immune response distinctively. Among the variety of immune cells, T lymphocytes have highly complex and multifaceted roles in the glioma immune landscape. T lymphocytes, which include CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, are known for their pivotal roles in anti-tumor responses. However, these cells may behave differently in the highly dynamic glioma microenvironment, for example, via an immune invasion mechanism enforced by tumor cells. Therefore, T lymphocytes play dual roles in glioma immunity, firstly by their anti-tumor responses, and secondly by exploiting gliomas to promote immune invasion. As an immunosuppression strategy, glioma induces T-cell exhaustion and suppression of effector T cells by regulatory T cells (Tregs) or by altering their signaling pathways. Further, the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors on the glioma cell surface leads to T cell anergy and dysfunction. Overall, this dynamic interplay between T lymphocytes and glioma is crucial for designing more effective immunotherapies. The current review provides detailed knowledge on the roles of T lymphocytes in the glioma immune microenvironment and helps to explore novel therapeutic approaches to reinvigorate T lymphocytes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Microenvironment and Molecular Mechanism of Glioma)
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