Industrialization of Second-Life Batteries

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Processing, Manufacturing and Recycling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2025) | Viewed by 930

Special Issue Editors

School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Interests: battery storage technologies; power electronics; wireless power transfer; smart grid systems
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Guest Editor
Faculty of Management, University of Technology Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Interests: supply chain management; consumer behaviour; logistics; sustainability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As modern transportation continues to shift towards full electrification, there is an increasing demand for second-life batteries that deliver enhanced energy density, safety, and cycle life. Researchers have made significant strides in improving the energy density of second-life batteries by incorporating ternary-positive electrode materials and lithium-metal-negative electrode materials. However, ternary-positive electrode materials are susceptible to decomposition, which generates oxygen that can react violently with the flammable organic electrolyte, releasing substantial heat and creating safety hazards. Additionally, the highly reactive lithium metal suffers from poor chemical stability. This Special Issue aims to present a comprehensive overview of the technologies, supply chains, business models, and policies related to second-life batteries, particularly lithium-ion batteries, for secondary applications across various industries.

Bullet-point topics:

  • Modelling of aged battery cells and battery packs;
  • Battery management systems for second-life batteries;
  • AI technologies for second-life batteries;
  • Supply chains of second-life batteries;
  • Policies for second-life batteries;
  • Other relevant topics of second-life batteries.

Dr. Yun Yang
Dr. Thoo Ai Chin
Prof. Dr. Ka Wai Eric Cheng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • second-life batteries
  • technologies
  • supply chains
  • business models
  • policies
  • industrial applications

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

38 pages, 1295 KB  
Review
Secondary Use of Retired Lithium-Ion Traction Batteries: A Review of Health Assessment, Interface Technology, and Supply Chain Management
by Wen Gao, Ai Chin Thoo, Moniruzzaman Sarker, Noven Lee, Xiaojun Deng and Yun Yang
Batteries 2026, 12(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12010001 - 19 Dec 2025
Viewed by 647
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate energy storage for electric vehicles (EVs) due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge. However, high costs, complex manufacturing, and the requirement for advanced battery management systems (BMSs) constrain their broader deployment. Therefore, extending the [...] Read more.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate energy storage for electric vehicles (EVs) due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge. However, high costs, complex manufacturing, and the requirement for advanced battery management systems (BMSs) constrain their broader deployment. Therefore, extending the utility of LIBs through reuse is essential for economic and environmental sustainability. Retired EV batteries with 70–80% state-of-health (SOH) can be repurposed in battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to support power grids. Effective reuse depends on accurate and rapid assessment of SOH and state-of-safety (SOS), which relies on precise state-of-charge (SOC) detection, particularly for aged LIBs with elevated thermal and electrochemical risks. This review systematically surveys SOC, SOH, and SOS detection methods for second-life LIBs, covering model-based, data-driven, and hybrid approaches, and highlights strategies for a fast and reliable evaluation. It further examines power electronics topologies and control strategies for integrating second-life LIBs into power grids, focusing on safety, efficiency, and operational performance. Finally, it analyzes key factors within the closed-loop supply chain, particularly reverse logistics, and provides guidance on enhancing adoption and supporting the establishment of circular battery ecosystems. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers aiming to optimize second-life utilization of traction LIBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Industrialization of Second-Life Batteries)
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