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Atmosphere
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Influence of Sea Breeze on Urban Meteorology
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Influence of Sea Breeze on Urban Meteorology

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 10540

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Young‑Hee Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
Interests: sea breeze; boundary layer process; turbulence
Prof. Dr. Moon-Soo Park

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Climate and Environment, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
Interests: urban boundary layer; boundary-layer meteorology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many cities are located near coast and hence urban boundary layer is often influenced by sea breeze penetration. To better predict weather and air quality over urban area, it is necessary to improve our understanding on influence of sea breeze on urban boundary layer. We invite researchers to contribute original research articles dealing with all aspects of influence of sea breeze on urban boundary layer. These contributions include recent experimental and modelling works, climatology of sea breeze at inland city, and influence of sea breeze on air pollution dispersion at urban area. We are also interested in influence of sea breeze on decaying turbulence in the afternoon. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Measurement of sea breeze structure at urban boundary layer;
  • Climatology of sea breeze penetration at inland city;
  • Climatology of sea breeze induced rainfall at urban area;
  • Data from new field campaign under sea breeze penetration at urban area;
  • Modelling study on influence of sea breeze on decaying turbulence in the afternoon;
  • Influence of sea breeze on air pollution dispersion at urban area.

Prof. Dr. Young‑Hee Lee
Prof. Dr. Moon-Soo Park
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Sea breeze climatology
  • Urban boundary layer
  • Numerical modeling
  • Field experiment

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 13673 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Sea–Land Breeze Circulation on the Formation and Development of Coastal Sea Fog along the Shandong Peninsula: A Case Study
by Guoqi Jin, Shanhong Gao, Hao Shi, Xue Lu, Yue Yang and Qing Zheng
Atmosphere 2022, 13(2), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020165 - 20 Jan 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3411
Abstract
Among the China Seas, the Yellow Sea has the highest occurrence frequency of sea fog that can be categorized into widespread sea fog and coastal sea fog. In this paper, we study a typical coastal sea fog along the Shandong Peninsula that is [...] Read more.
Among the China Seas, the Yellow Sea has the highest occurrence frequency of sea fog that can be categorized into widespread sea fog and coastal sea fog. In this paper, we study a typical coastal sea fog along the Shandong Peninsula that is accompanied by sea-land breezes. Based on a series of numerical experiments conducted by the Weather Research and Forecasting model with high spatial resolution, the impacts of the sea–land breezes on the formation and development of sea fog are investigated in detail. The land breeze can act as an accelerator that enhances humidification and cooling near the coast which promotes sea fog formation during the nighttime, resulting from nearshore vapor convergence and offshore cool-air transportation jointly by the descending branch and low-level breeze of the land breeze circulation. During the daytime, the sea breeze acts as a reducer that inhibits sea fog development, including the contraction of fog area caused by onshore advection of the sea breeze on cloud liquid water, and the restraint of fog vertical growth due to warming and drying by the descending branch of the sea breeze circulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Sea Breeze on Urban Meteorology)
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18 pages, 6523 KiB  
Article
High-Resolution Modeling of Mesoscale Circulation in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer over a Complex Coastal Area
by Hee-Jeong Lim and Young-Hee Lee
Atmosphere 2021, 12(12), 1649; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121649 - 09 Dec 2021
Viewed by 2043
Abstract
We evaluated the performance of the high-resolution (333 m) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating the flow structure at a complex coastal site in Boseong, South Korea, on 15 July 2018, against observations obtained from a 300 m tower and radiosonde, [...] Read more.
We evaluated the performance of the high-resolution (333 m) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating the flow structure at a complex coastal site in Boseong, South Korea, on 15 July 2018, against observations obtained from a 300 m tower and radiosonde, and analyzed the model results to interpret the measurements. The study site is surrounded by mountains, valleys, and bays, and is adjacent to the South Sea; thus, it is influenced by terrain-forced flow and thermally driven circulation. The study day was characterized by the development of nighttime low-level wind maximum (LLWM) and daytime sea breeze under weak synoptic wind conditions. Although the WRF model simulated the onset and cessation of a sea breeze later than was observed, it showed good skill in reproducing the near-surface temperatures, wind vectors, and vertical profiles of potential temperatures and wind vectors in the atmospheric boundary layer at the study site. We analyzed the model results at 05:30 and 14:30 LST when the model’s performance was good for wind. At 05:30 LST, hydraulic jump produced weak wind conditions below 300 m above ground level (AGL), and westerly down-valley flow developed near the surface, leading to an LLWM. At 14:30 LST, heating over land produced a thermal high over land at 1800 m AGL, counteracting the synoptic pressure gradient, and leading to weak wind conditions at this level. We performed three sensitivity simulations to examine the dependence of flow structure on the horizontal and vertical resolution. The results show that an early-morning hydraulic jump can be simulated by applying a high-resolution model in both the horizontal and vertical grids, and the simulated onset and cessation times of the sea breeze depend on the model’s resolution. The dependence of flow structure on the model resolution has been discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Sea Breeze on Urban Meteorology)
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20 pages, 7455 KiB  
Article
Urban Effect on Sea-Breeze-Initiated Rainfall: A Case Study for Seoul Metropolitan Area
by Yuna Choi and Young-Hee Lee
Atmosphere 2021, 12(11), 1483; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111483 - 09 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1950
Abstract
We examined the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall in the Seoul Metropolitan area (SMA) on 6 July 2017 using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The model captures the arrival of the sea breeze front (SBF), the development of afternoon rainfall in the SMA, and [...] Read more.
We examined the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall in the Seoul Metropolitan area (SMA) on 6 July 2017 using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The model captures the arrival of the sea breeze front (SBF), the development of afternoon rainfall in the SMA, and the location of the sea-breeze-initiated maximum rainfall in the northeastern SMA reasonably well but overestimates the subsequent rainfall. We conducted sensitivity tests to better understand the urban effect on the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall event. Through factor separation analysis, we first examined the explicit role of sea and urban effect on sea-breeze-initiated rainfall. The results show that the interaction of sea and urban effects cause rainfall in the northwest and northeast of the SMA, indicating that both urban heat island circulation (UHIC) and sea breeze play an important role in the study case’s rainfall. We further examined the relative role of urban roughness and anthropogenic heat on the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall through factor separation analysis. Both anthropogenic heat and urban roughness play a role in increasing precipitation in the northeastern area of the SMA, with a larger contribution of anthropogenic heat than urban roughness. The relationship between low-level convergence at the SBF and urban factors is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Sea Breeze on Urban Meteorology)
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13 pages, 26860 KiB  
Article
Vertical Characteristics of Secondary Aerosols Observed in the Seoul and Busan Metropolitan Areas of Korea during KORUS-AQ and Associations with Meteorological Conditions
by Jong-Min Kim, Hyo-Jung Lee, Hyun-Young Jo, Yu-Jin Jo and Cheol-Hee Kim
Atmosphere 2021, 12(11), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111451 - 02 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1582
Abstract
In this study, the chemical components of aerosols observed at ground level and in upper layers during the Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign were analyzed in two representative metropolitan areas of Korea: the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) and the Busan-containing southeastern metropolitan [...] Read more.
In this study, the chemical components of aerosols observed at ground level and in upper layers during the Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign were analyzed in two representative metropolitan areas of Korea: the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) and the Busan-containing southeastern metropolitan area (BMA). First, we characterized emissions using the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) emission statistics, and compared them with both ground- and aircraft-based measurements obtained during the KORUS-AQ campaign. The emission statistics showed that the SMA had higher NOx levels, whereas BMA had significantly higher SO2 levels. Ground-level observations averaged for the summer season also showed SMA–nitrate and BMA–sulfate relationships, reflecting the CAPSS emission characteristics of both areas. However, organic carbon (OC) was higher in BMA than SMA by a factor of 1.7, despite comparable volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in the two areas. DC-8 aircraft-based measurements showed that, in most cases, nitrogen-rich localities were found in the SMA, reflecting the emission characteristics of precursors in the two sampling areas, whereas sulfur-rich localities in the BMA were not apparent from either ground-based or aircraft observations. KORUS-AQ measurements were classified according to two synoptic conditions, stagnant (STG) and long-range transport (LRT), and the nitrate-to-sulfate (N/S) ratio in both ground and upper layers was higher in the SMA for both cases. Meanwhile, organic aerosols reflected local emissions characteristics in only the STG case, indicating that this stagnant synoptic condition reflect local aerosol characteristics. The LRT case showed elevated peaks of all species at altitudes of 1.0–3.5 km, indicating the importance of LRT processes for predicting and diagnosing aerosol vertical distributions over Northeast Asia. Other chemical characteristics of aerosols in the two metropolitan areas were also compared. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Sea Breeze on Urban Meteorology)
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