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Atmosphere
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Drought Impacts on Agriculture and Mitigation Measures
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Drought Impacts on Agriculture and Mitigation Measures

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 May 2025) | Viewed by 7814

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kreso Pandzic

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Guest Editor
Retired, previously Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: data assimilation methods for numerical weather prediction; ensemble forecasts; seasonal and climate forecasting; verification of weather and climate forecasting and outlooks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tanja Likso

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Guest Editor
Head of Data Processing and Management Department, Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Ravnice 48, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: boundary-layer meteorology (application of Monin–Obukhov similarity theory for the wind speed estimation in the lower part of the atmospheric surface layer)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Milan Mesić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Full Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: agrometeorology; lysimetric studies; crop yields under conditions of drought; evapotranspiration; NUE (nitrogen use efficiency) influenced by weather conditions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Meteorological (i.e., weather and climate) observations indicate that climate warming has increased in recent decades, manifesting in the increasingly frequent occurrence of extreme meteorological events, including heat waves, intensive precipitation and dry spells (droughts). The duration and intensity of extreme meteorological events have also increased in recent decades. A similar trend of changes is predicted for the next decades of the 21st century, simultaneously accompanied by a decrease in the frequency of cold waves, including cold spells.

As a consequence of the above, the impacts of extreme events on the economy also show a rising trend as drought impacts on agriculture are related to great economic losses. The efficient early warning of drought events, irrigation or other possible mitigation measures could mitigate these impacts and economic losses. The articles presented in this Issue will be useful for a broad group of recipients.

Dr. Kreso Pandzic
Dr. Tanja Likso
Prof. Dr. Milan Mesić
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drought impact on agriculture
  • early warnings of drought and irrigation
  • other effective mitigation measures

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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27 pages, 28751 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Soil Moisture in Vegetation Regions of Mu Us Sandy Land Using Several Aridity Indicators
by Jie Ren, Hexiang Zheng, Jun Wang, Changfu Tong, Delong Tian, Haiyuan Lu and Dong Liang
Atmosphere 2024, 15(11), 1329; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111329 - 5 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1056
Abstract
Drought, a significant calamity in the natural domain, has extensive worldwide repercussions. Drought, primarily characterized by reduced soil moisture (SM), presents a significant risk to both the world environment and human existence. Various drought indicators have been suggested to accurately represent the changing [...] Read more.
Drought, a significant calamity in the natural domain, has extensive worldwide repercussions. Drought, primarily characterized by reduced soil moisture (SM), presents a significant risk to both the world environment and human existence. Various drought indicators have been suggested to accurately represent the changing pattern of SM. The study examines various indices related to the Drought Severity Index (DSI), Evaporation Stress Index(ESI), Vegetation Supply Water Index(VSWI), Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index(TVDI), Temperature Vegetation Precipitation Dryness Index(TVPDI), Vegetation Health Index(VHI), and Temperature Condition Index (TCI). An evaluation was conducted to assess the effectiveness of seven drought indicators, such as DSI, ESI, TVPDI, VSWI, etc., in capturing the changes in SM in Mu Us Sandy Land. The research results indicated that DSI and ESI had the highest accuracy, while TVDI and VSWI showed relatively lower accuracy. However, their smaller fluctuations in the time series demonstrated stronger adaptability to different regions. Additionally, the delayed impact of aridity indices on soil moisture, variable attributes, temperature, and vegetation coverage in sandy land and grassland areas with low, medium, and high coverage all contributed to the effectiveness of the four aridity indices (DSI, ESI, VSWI, and TVPDI) in capturing the dynamics of soil moisture. The primary element that affects the effectiveness of TVDI is the divergence of the relationship curve between Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is a kind of deterioration. This paper presents a very efficient approach for monitoring soil moisture dynamics in dry and semi-arid regions. It also analyzes the patterns of soil moisture changes, offering valuable scientific insights for environmental monitoring and ecological enhancement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drought Impacts on Agriculture and Mitigation Measures)
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20 pages, 8902 KiB  
Article
Exploring Climate Change Impacts on Temperature Extremes in the South Saskatchewan River Watershed, Alberta, Canada
by Roya Mousavi, Daniel L. Johnson, James M. Byrne and Roland Kroebel
Atmosphere 2024, 15(11), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111293 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1199
Abstract
In recent years, the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature events have escalated, posing unprecedented challenges to ecosystems, economies, and human health. As global temperatures rise, these events are emerging as critical threats; therefore, understanding their changes is essential for developing strategies to [...] Read more.
In recent years, the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature events have escalated, posing unprecedented challenges to ecosystems, economies, and human health. As global temperatures rise, these events are emerging as critical threats; therefore, understanding their changes is essential for developing strategies to mitigate their growing risks under global warming. In this study, we used ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring, and Indices) temperature indices to analyze future changes in extreme temperature events in the South Saskatchewan River Watershed (SSRW) in Southern Alberta, Canada, a critical area for irrigation, agriculture, and food production. This analysis is based on an ensemble of 26 Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and three Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP) scenarios, in three periods (2015–2030, 2041–2060, 2071–2100), compared against the base period of 1951–1990. The results suggest substantial changes in most of the studied indices towards higher temperatures, with a significant rise in both the numbers of days with extreme temperatures and the magnitude of the temperature itself, as well as a notable drop in the number of cold days. As a result of warming, the growing season length is 16 days longer in 2015–2030 compared to the base period and is projected to increase substantially by the end of the century. A longer growing season might seem favourable for agriculture, but it can disrupt water availability and cause unpleasant environmental consequences. Overall, the scenarios considered in this research suggest that the SSRW could experience warming at a significant rate. This finding underscores the urgent need for adaptation and mitigation actions to enhance resilience and sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drought Impacts on Agriculture and Mitigation Measures)
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22 pages, 6467 KiB  
Article
Projected 21st Century Drought Condition in the South Saskatchewan River Watershed: A Case Study in the Canadian Prairies
by Roya Mousavi, Daniel L. Johnson, James M. Byrne and Roland Kroebel
Atmosphere 2024, 15(11), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111292 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1035
Abstract
In this study, a CMIP6 ensemble of 26 GCMs and SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios from CanDCS-U6 is used to project drought conditions in the South Saskatchewan River Watershed. The near-current period (2015–2030) and two future periods (2041–2060 and 2071–2100) are analyzed based [...] Read more.
In this study, a CMIP6 ensemble of 26 GCMs and SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios from CanDCS-U6 is used to project drought conditions in the South Saskatchewan River Watershed. The near-current period (2015–2030) and two future periods (2041–2060 and 2071–2100) are analyzed based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month timescales. Projections indicate a shift in average SPEI values from above zero (no drought) in the base period (1951–1990) to more negative values in the future. Results show an increase in drought severity and frequency under climate change conditions. The percentage of time with no drought conditions is projected to decline from 55–70% in the base period to 25–45% by 2071–2100. Severe and extreme droughts, rare in the base period (below 4%), are projected to increase to up to 19% by 2071–2100. The area experiencing drought is expected to expand from 36–49% (for different SPEI timescales) in the base period to up to 76% by 2071–2100. Drought frequency is projected to be higher under SSP1-2.6 and less frequent under SSP2-4.5. Results showed that longer SPEI timescales are associated with higher drought occurrence rates and severity. The spatial pattern of drought is also projected to significantly change, with higher frequencies expected in the eastern parts of the watershed under climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drought Impacts on Agriculture and Mitigation Measures)
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Review

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26 pages, 357 KiB  
Review
Agricultural Drought Monitoring: A Comparative Review of Conventional and Satellite-Based Indices
by Ali Gholinia and Peyman Abbaszadeh
Atmosphere 2024, 15(9), 1129; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091129 - 17 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3368
Abstract
Drought is a natural hazard that causes significant economic and human losses by creating a persistent lack of precipitation that impacts agriculture and hydrology. It has various characteristics, such as delayed effects and variability across dimensions like severity, spatial extent, and duration, making [...] Read more.
Drought is a natural hazard that causes significant economic and human losses by creating a persistent lack of precipitation that impacts agriculture and hydrology. It has various characteristics, such as delayed effects and variability across dimensions like severity, spatial extent, and duration, making it difficult to characterize. The agricultural sector is especially susceptible to drought, which is a primary cause of crop failures and poses a significant threat to global food security. To address these risks, it is crucial to develop effective methods for identifying, classifying, and monitoring agricultural drought, thereby aiding in planning and mitigation efforts. Researchers have developed various tools, including agricultural drought indices, to quantify severity levels and determine the onset and evolution of droughts. These tools help in early-stage forecasting and ongoing monitoring of drought conditions. The field has been significantly advanced by remote sensing technology, which now offers high-resolution spatial and temporal data, improving our capacity to monitor and assess agricultural drought. Despite these technological advancements, the unpredictable nature of environmental conditions continues to pose challenges in drought assessment. It remains essential to provide an overview of agricultural drought indices, incorporating both conventional methods and modern remote sensing-based indices used in drought monitoring and assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drought Impacts on Agriculture and Mitigation Measures)
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