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Atmosphere
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Ozone Pollution in East Asia: Factors and Sources
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Ozone Pollution in East Asia: Factors and Sources

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 13446

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yiming Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
Interests: ozone trends; atmospheric oxidation capacity; chlorine emission
Dr. Oleg Romanovskii

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
Interests: lidar sounding; atmosphere; gas analysis; ozone; remote spectroscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hyung-Min Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
Interests: atmospheric chemistry model; adjoint model; source apportionment; organic and inorganic aerosols; ozone

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Elevated concentrations of ozone (O3) on the Earth's surface are harmful to the human body and detrimental to plant growth. Ozone is produced by the reactions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and carbon dioxide (CO) in the presence of sunlight. In recent years, the severe O3 pollution in East Asia has attracted the attention of both policy-makers and the scientific community. Although a great deal of research has been conducted, the driving factors and sources of O3 in East Asia need further investigation. Many questions remain unanswered; for example, what are the key chemical reactions that contribute to the O3 formation? How much should NOx emissions be reduced to shift the O3 formation regime from VOC-limited to NOx-limited? What is the relationship between O3 and meteorological factors? What is the impact of chlorine chemistry on O3 formation?

This Special Issue aims to present a comprehensive understanding of ozone pollution formation in East Asia. We invite papers that focus on the variation of O3, source apportionment of O3 and VOC, O3 formation regime, the relationship between O3 and its precursors, the relationship between O3 and PM2.5, the impact of meteorology on O3, key chemical reactions that contribute to O3 formation, vertical transport of O3, evaluation of O3 simulation, and other related topics.

Dr. Yiming Liu
Dr. Oleg Romanovskii
Dr. Hyung-Min Lee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ozone precursors
  • source apportionment
  • meteorological conditions
  • chemical reactions
  • ozone formation regime
  • regional transport
  • emissions

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3231 KiB  
Article
Ozone Monitoring in the Baikal Region (East Siberia): Spatiotemporal Variability under the Influence of Air Pollutants and Site Conditions
by Vladimir Obolkin, Vladimir Potemkin, Olga Khuriganova and Tamara Khodzher
Atmosphere 2022, 13(4), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040519 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1709
Abstract
This article analyses the results of year-round automatic ozone monitoring in seven cities of the Baikal region (southeastern Siberia). We reveal that significant differences in the spatiotemporal variability of the average daily ozone concentrations depend on different anthropogenic loads. In large cities with [...] Read more.
This article analyses the results of year-round automatic ozone monitoring in seven cities of the Baikal region (southeastern Siberia). We reveal that significant differences in the spatiotemporal variability of the average daily ozone concentrations depend on different anthropogenic loads. In large cities with heavy industry, which are located in the Angara River valley, the ozone concentrations were minimal and changed little during the year: less than 5 µg/m3 in the Angarsk city and 20–30 µg/m3 in the Irkutsk city. In the settlements of a less polluted region, the Selenga River valley, the ozone concentrations were significantly higher, and the annual ozone variability was typical of East Siberia: the maximum in spring (60 to 70 μg/m3) and the minimum in autumn and winter (10 to 30 μg/m3). The maximum ozone concentrations were observed in rural conditions (Listvyanka station), up to 80–100 μg/m3 during the spring maximum. Nitrogen oxides had the main influence on ozone depletion in the surface atmosphere of the cities, especially in winter, the season of maximum burning of fossil fuels (negative correlation can reach −0.9). In cities with heavy industry, the effect of NOx on ozone was weaker. Perhaps other anthropogenic impurities can also affect ozone suppression in these cities, which have not yet been studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ozone Pollution in East Asia: Factors and Sources)
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15 pages, 3489 KiB  
Article
Spatio-Temporal Variation and Influencing Factors of Ozone Pollution in Beijing
by Bo Chen, Xinbing Yang and Jingjing Xu
Atmosphere 2022, 13(2), 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020359 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2254
Abstract
The temporal and spatial distribution and variation characteristics of ozone (O3) in Beijing, China, are investigated using hourly monitoring data from 2020. Kriging interpolation analysis and correlation analysis are applied to describe the spatial-temporal distribution and to identify associated influencing factors. [...] Read more.
The temporal and spatial distribution and variation characteristics of ozone (O3) in Beijing, China, are investigated using hourly monitoring data from 2020. Kriging interpolation analysis and correlation analysis are applied to describe the spatial-temporal distribution and to identify associated influencing factors. The average concentration of O3 was found to be 59.58 μg·m−3. The daily maximum sliding 8 h average ozone concentration values exceeded the primary standard (100 μg·m−3) for 129 days and exceeded the secondary standard (160 μg·m−3) for 48 days. Temporally, the general pattern of daily maximum 8 h average O3 concentration was high in spring and summer and low in autumn and winter. Monthly average values showed a maximum in June. The highest daily concentrations appeared between 13:00 and 18:00 local time, and O3 concentrations had a distinct weekly pattern of variability with daily average concentrations at weekends higher than those during working days. Spatially, annual average O3 concentrations were highest in the northeast and lowest in the southeast of the city, and the seasonal variation of O3 was most significant in the southwest of the city. In relation to city districts and counties, the annual average O3 concentrations in the Miyun District were the highest, while those in the Haidian District were the lowest. On the whole, annual average O3 concentrations in Beijing were higher in the suburbs than in central areas. Based on daily average values, there was no significant correlation between O3 concentrations and rainfall (p > 0.05), but there were significant correlations between O3 concentration and sunshine hours, wind speed, maximum temperature and minimum temperature (p < 0.05), with correlation coefficients of 0.158, 0.267, 0.724 and 0.703, respectively. O3 concentrations increased with an increasing number of sunshine hours, first increased and then decreased with increasing wind speed and increased with increasing temperature. O3 concentrations were correlated with SO2 concentrations (0.05 < p > 0.001), CO concentrations (p < 0.001) and NO2 concentrations (p < 0.001), the latter having the highest correlation coefficient of −0.553 and exhibiting opposite trends in daily and monthly variations to O3 variations. Analysis of ozone pollution sources showed that automobile exhaust, coal and oil combustion and volatile organic compounds released by industrial plants were the main sources. Terrain affected the distribution of ozone, as well as human activities and industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ozone Pollution in East Asia: Factors and Sources)
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19 pages, 8797 KiB  
Article
Projection of the Near-Future PM2.5 in Northern Peninsular Southeast Asia under RCP8.5
by Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen, Vanisa Surapipith and Ronald C. Macatangay
Atmosphere 2022, 13(2), 305; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020305 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2305
Abstract
Throughout the year, particularly during the dry season, the northern peninsula of Southeast Asia struggles with air pollution from PM2.5. In this study, we used the Nested Regional Climate and Chemistry Model (NRCM-Chem) to predict the PM2.5 concentrations over Southeast [...] Read more.
Throughout the year, particularly during the dry season, the northern peninsula of Southeast Asia struggles with air pollution from PM2.5. In this study, we used the Nested Regional Climate and Chemistry Model (NRCM-Chem) to predict the PM2.5 concentrations over Southeast Asia’s northern peninsula during the years 2020–2029 under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)8.5. In general, the model reasonably shows a good result, including temperature, precipitation, and PM2.5 concentration, compared to the observation with an Index of Agreement (IOA) in the range of 0.63 to 0.80. However, there were some underestimations for modeled precipitation and temperature and an overestimation for modeled PM2.5 concentration. As a response to changes in climatic parameters and the emission of PM2.5’s precursors, PM2.5 concentrations tend to increase across the region in the range of (+1) to (+35) µg/m3 during the dry season (November to April) and decline in the range of (−3) to (−30) µg/m3 during the wet season (May to October). The maximum increase in PM2.5 concentrations were found in March by >40 µg/m3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ozone Pollution in East Asia: Factors and Sources)
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18 pages, 9849 KiB  
Article
Simulation of the Multi-Timescale Stratospheric Intrusion Processes in a Typical Cut-Off Low over Northeast Asia
by Dan Chen, Tianjiao Zhou, Dong Guo and Shuhao Ge
Atmosphere 2022, 13(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010068 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1677
Abstract
This study used the FLEXPART-WRF trajectory model to perform forward and backward simulations of a cut-off low (COL) event over northeast Asia. The analysis reveals the detailed trajectories and sources of air masses within the COL. Their trajectories illustrate the multi-timescale deep intrusion [...] Read more.
This study used the FLEXPART-WRF trajectory model to perform forward and backward simulations of a cut-off low (COL) event over northeast Asia. The analysis reveals the detailed trajectories and sources of air masses within the COL. Their trajectories illustrate the multi-timescale deep intrusion processes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) caused by the COL. The processes of air intrusion from the lower stratosphere to the middle troposphere can be divided into three stages: a slow descent stage, a rapid intrusion stage and a relatively slow intrusion stage. A source analysis of targeted air masses at 300 hPa and 500 hPa shows that the ozone-rich air in the COL primarily originated from an extratropical cyclone over central Siberia and from the extratropical jet stream. The sources of air masses in different parts of the COL show some differences. These results can help explain the ozone distribution characteristics in the main body of a COL at 300 hPa and at 500 hPa that were revealed in a previous study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ozone Pollution in East Asia: Factors and Sources)
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8 pages, 11288 KiB  
Article
Emission Characteristics and Ozone Formation Potential Assessment of VOCs from Typical Metal Packaging Plants
by Hailin Wang, Song Xue, Run Hao, Li Fang and Lei Nie
Atmosphere 2022, 13(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010057 - 30 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1847
Abstract
With the rapid development of metal packaging, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from the packaging processes are also increasing gradually. It is necessary to research the characteristics of VOCs emissions from such important industrial source and its impact on the possible ozone formation. [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of metal packaging, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from the packaging processes are also increasing gradually. It is necessary to research the characteristics of VOCs emissions from such important industrial source and its impact on the possible ozone formation. In this research, three typical metal packaging plants were selected, VOCs emission characteristics were investigated, and their ozone formation potential were evaluated by using maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) coefficient method. The results showed that the VOCs emission characteristics of the selected targets were obviously different. VOCs emitted from plant A and B were mainly oxygenated hydrocarbons, which accounted for 85.02% and 43.17%, respectively. Olefins (62.75%) were the main species of plant C. 2-butanone (82.67%), methylene chloride (23.00%) and ethylene (36.67%) were the major species of plant A, plant B and plant C, respectively. The OFP (ozone formation potential) value of plant B (120.49 mg/m3) was much higher than those values of plant A (643.05 mg/m3) and plant C (3311.73 mg/m3), in which para-xylene, meta-xylene, acetaldehyde and ethylene were the main contributors. The difference in OFP values indicated that water-based ink and water-based coatings should be recommended for large scale application due to less VOCs emission and low ozone formation contribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ozone Pollution in East Asia: Factors and Sources)
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16 pages, 4170 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Ozone Pollution Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Northeast Economic Cooperation Region, China
by Jiaqi Tian, Chunsheng Fang, Jiaxin Qiu and Ju Wang
Atmosphere 2021, 12(7), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070843 - 29 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2453
Abstract
The increase in tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration has become one of the factors restricting urban development. This paper selected the important economic cooperation areas in Northeast China as the research object and collected the hourly monitoring data of pollutants and meteorological [...] Read more.
The increase in tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration has become one of the factors restricting urban development. This paper selected the important economic cooperation areas in Northeast China as the research object and collected the hourly monitoring data of pollutants and meteorological data in 11 cities from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. The temporal and spatial variation trend of O3 concentration and the effects of meteorological factors and other pollutants, including CO (carbon monoxide), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), and PM2.5 and PM10 (PM particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm and 10 μm) on ozone concentration were analyzed. At the same time, the variation period of O3 concentration was further analyzed by Morlet wavelet analysis. The results showed that the O3 pollution in the study area had a significant spatial correlation. The spatial distribution showed that the O3 concentration was relatively high in the south and low in the northeast. Seasonally, the O3 concentration was the highest in spring, followed by summer, and the lowest in winter. The diurnal variation of O3 concentration presented a “single peak” pattern. O3 concentration had a significant positive correlation with temperature, sunshine duration, and wind speed and a significant anticorrelation with CO, NO2, SO2, and PM2.5 concentration. Under the time scale of a = 9, 23, O3 had significant periodic fluctuation, which was similar to those of wind speed and temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ozone Pollution in East Asia: Factors and Sources)
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