Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2019) | Viewed by 22666

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to collect current novel papers, presented at the 25th International Conference “Atmospheric and Ocean Optics. Atmospheric Physics” (AOO—2019). We invite researchers to contribute original research papers, dealing with all aspects of atmospheric and ocean optics, atmospheric physics. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Molecular Spectroscopy and Atmospheric Radiative Processes
  • Radiative regime and climate problems
  • Optical Radiation Propagation in the Atmosphere and Ocean
  • Wave propagation in random inhomogeneous media
  • Nonlinear effects at radiation propagation in atmosphere
  • Optical Investigation of Atmosphere and Ocean
  • Laser and acoustic sounding of atmosphere and ocean
  • Physics of the troposphere
  • Structure and dynamics of the lower and middle atmosphere
  • Dynamics of the atmosphere and climate of the Asian region
  • Physics of the upper atmosphere
  • Climatological studies of the upper atmosphere using GNSS
  • The relationship processes in the lithosphere, atmosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere

Dr. Gennadii Matvienko
Dr. Oleg Romanovskii
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • molecular spectroscopy
  • atmospheric radiative processes
  • optical radiation propagation
  • nonlinear effects in atmosphere
  • laser sounding
  • physics of the troposphere
  • climatological studies
  • physics of the upper atmosphere

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 167 KiB  
Editorial
Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics
by Oleg A. Romanovskii and Gennadii G. Matvienko
Atmosphere 2021, 12(4), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040468 - 08 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1205
Abstract
The Atmosphere Special Issue entitled “Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics” comprises seven original papers [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

16 pages, 5668 KiB  
Article
Registration of Atmospheric-Electric Effects from Volcanic Clouds on the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia)
by Pavel P. Firstov, Evgeniy I. Malkin, Rinat R. Akbashev, Gennadiy I. Druzhin, Nina V. Cherneva, Robert H. Holzworth, Vladimir N. Uvarov and Ivan E. Stasiy
Atmosphere 2020, 11(6), 634; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060634 - 15 Jun 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2376
Abstract
The paper is devoted to the description of observations over atmospheric and electric effects from volcanic eruptions on Kamchatka peninsula (Russia) and perspectives of their development. To collect information about atmospheric-electric effects accompanying the eruptions of Kamchatka volcanoes, three sensor networks and a [...] Read more.
The paper is devoted to the description of observations over atmospheric and electric effects from volcanic eruptions on Kamchatka peninsula (Russia) and perspectives of their development. To collect information about atmospheric-electric effects accompanying the eruptions of Kamchatka volcanoes, three sensor networks and a VLF radio direction finding station are used. The World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) provides information on high-current lightning discharges that occur during the development of an eruptive cloud (EC). Variations in the electric field of the atmosphere (AEF E z ), during the passage of EC, were obtained by a network of electric field mills at the sites for volcanic activity observations. Seismic detector network was used to make precision reference to the eruptions. Based on the data obtained, a description is given of the dynamics of eruptions of the most active volcanoes in Kamchatka and the Northern Kuril Islands (Shiveluch, Bezymianny, Ebeko). The paper presents a simulation of the response of the atmospheric electric field, which showed that the approximation by the field of distributed charges makes it possible to estimate the volume charges of EC. The fact of a multi-stage volcanic thunderstorm is confirmed. The first stage is associated with the formation of an eruptive column, and the second with the emergence, development and transfer of EC. Registration of electrical and electromagnetic processes in eruptive clouds can be one of the components of complex observations of volcanic eruptions in order to assess the ash hazard for air transport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics)
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16 pages, 3067 KiB  
Article
Measurements of Ozone Vertical Profiles in the Upper Troposphere–Stratosphere over Western Siberia by DIAL, MLS, and IASI
by Sergey Dolgii, Alexey A. Nevzorov, Alexey V. Nevzorov, Yurii Gridnev and Olga Kharchenko
Atmosphere 2020, 11(2), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020196 - 12 Feb 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3040
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to measure the ozone vertical distribution (OVD) in the upper troposphere–stratosphere by differential absorption lidar (DIAL) at 299/341 nm and 308/353 nm and to compare and analyze the results against satellite data. А lidar complex for measuring [...] Read more.
The purpose of this work is to measure the ozone vertical distribution (OVD) in the upper troposphere–stratosphere by differential absorption lidar (DIAL) at 299/341 nm and 308/353 nm and to compare and analyze the results against satellite data. А lidar complex for measuring the OVD in the altitude range ≈(5–45) km has been created. Here we analyze the results of ozone lidar measurements at wavelengths of 299/341 nm and 308/353 nm in 2018 at Siberian Lidar Station (SLS) and compare them with satellite (MLS/Aura and IASI/MetOp) measurements of OVD. The retrieved lidar OVD profiles in the upper troposphere–stratosphere in comparison with MLS/Aura and IASI/MetOp profiles, as well as the stitched OVD profile in comparison with the mid-latitude Krueger model, confirm the prospects of using the pairs of ozone sounding wavelengths 299/341 and 308/353 nm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics)
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13 pages, 3983 KiB  
Article
Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Methane with IR OPO Lidar System
by Semyon Yakovlev, Sergey Sadovnikov, Olga Kharchenko and Natalya Kravtsova
Atmosphere 2020, 11(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010070 - 06 Jan 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3754
Abstract
A differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system designed on the basis of optical parametric oscillators (OPO) with nonlinear KTiOAsO4 (KTA) and KTiOPO4 (KTP) crystals is described. The crystals allow laser radiation tuning in the infrared region (IR) wavelength region. The measurements in [...] Read more.
A differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system designed on the basis of optical parametric oscillators (OPO) with nonlinear KTiOAsO4 (KTA) and KTiOPO4 (KTP) crystals is described. The crystals allow laser radiation tuning in the infrared region (IR) wavelength region. The measurements in the 3.30–3.50 μm spectral range, which includes a strong absorption band of methane, are carried out. Lidar backscattered signals in the spectral band 3.30–3.50 μm has been measured and analyzed along the horizontal path in the atmosphere. Based on the experimental results, CH4 concentrations ~2.085 ppm along a 800 m surface path are retrieved in the spectral range under study with a spatial resolution of 100 m. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics)
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20 pages, 2379 KiB  
Article
Aerosol Characteristics in the Near-Ground Layer of the Atmosphere of the City of Tomsk in Different Types of Aerosol Weather
by Mikhail V. Panchenko, Valerii S. Kozlov, Victor V. Polkin, Svetlana A. Terpugova, Vasily V. Polkin, Victor N. Uzhegov, Dmitry G. Chernov, Vladimir P. Shmargunov, Elena P. Yausheva and Polina N. Zenkova
Atmosphere 2020, 11(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010020 - 24 Dec 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2624
Abstract
Considering the wide range of variability of all aerosol characteristics (especially in the near-ground layer of the atmosphere near industrial centers), when creating a realistic empirical model of optical and microphysical characteristics, the optimal dividing of the total data array according to some [...] Read more.
Considering the wide range of variability of all aerosol characteristics (especially in the near-ground layer of the atmosphere near industrial centers), when creating a realistic empirical model of optical and microphysical characteristics, the optimal dividing of the total data array according to some multifactor signs is needed. In this paper, we analyze the main states of “dry” aerosol on the basis of the results of long-term regular measurements in the near-ground layer of the atmosphere near the city of Tomsk in 2000–2017. The following parameters were considered: aerosol number concentration and size distribution function, total and angular scattering coefficients, including the small-angle range 1.2° to 20°, mass concentration and size distribution of absorbing substances (equivalent black carbon), characteristics of the aerosol hygroscopic properties, and spectral aerosol extinction of radiation on an open long path in the wavelength range 0.45 to 3.9 µm. In our comprehensive study, we first proposed and developed an original approach (classification) to study the optical and microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosol of various physicochemical origins (background, smoke, smog, anthropogenic, etc.) based on dividing the entire data array into characteristic subarrays (types of aerosol weather), which differ from each other in a different combination of scattering and absorbing properties of particles. To divide the total data array into types of aerosol weather including “Background”, “Haze-S”, “Smog”, and “Smoke haze”, the values of the scattering coefficient of the dry aerosol matter σd(λ = 0.51 μm) = 100 Mm−1 and the ratio of the mass concentration of the absorbing substance to the mass concentration of submicron aerosol P = 0.05. The results showed that most of the seasonal average values of the aerosol parameters analyzed in the paper are statistically significantly different when comparing various characteristic types of scattering and absorbing atmospheric aerosol. The results of the research indicate that the application of the developed classification of types of aerosol weather for the analyzed optical and microphysical parameters of aerosol particles is quite effective and reasonable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics)
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11 pages, 1378 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Limiting Sensitivity of the One-Color Laser Fragmentation/Laser-Induced Fluorescence Method in Detection of Nitrobenzene and Nitrotoluene Vapors in the Atmosphere
by Sergei Bobrovnikov, Evgeny Gorlov and Viktor Zharkov
Atmosphere 2019, 10(11), 692; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110692 - 10 Nov 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2015
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a numerical evaluation of limiting sensitivity of the method for detecting vapors of nitrocompounds in the atmosphere based on one-color laser fragmentation (LF)/laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of NO fragments via A2Σ+ (v′ = 0) ← [...] Read more.
The paper presents the results of a numerical evaluation of limiting sensitivity of the method for detecting vapors of nitrocompounds in the atmosphere based on one-color laser fragmentation (LF)/laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of NO fragments via A2Σ+ (v′ = 0) ← X2Π (v″ = 2) transition. The calculations were performed using the developed kinetic model of the one-color LF/LIF process under consideration. The calculations take into account the influence of ambient nitrogen dioxide as a limiter of the sensitivity of the method when operating in a real atmosphere. It is shown that if the nitrogen dioxide concentration in the atmosphere does not exceed a value of 10 ppb, the maximum detectable vapor concentrations of nitrobenzene and o-nitrotoluene are several ppb. It is also shown that the method of single-frequency one-color excitation usually used for the detection of nitrocompounds does not allow achieving the maximum efficiency of the LF/LIF process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics)
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13 pages, 3707 KiB  
Article
Passive Sampling as a Low-Cost Method for Monitoring Air Pollutants in the Baikal Region (Eastern Siberia)
by Olga I. Khuriganova, Vladimir A. Obolkin, Liudmila P. Golobokova, Yuri S. Bukin and Tamara V. Khodzher
Atmosphere 2019, 10(8), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10080470 - 16 Aug 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3552
Abstract
The measured concentrations of inorganic pollutants, such as ozone (2015–2018), sulfur, and nitrogen oxides (2012–2018) at air monitoring sites in the south of Eastern Siberia were sampled, following the passive sampling method, and analyzed. The spatial inhomogeneity of atmospheric gas concentrations is presented. [...] Read more.
The measured concentrations of inorganic pollutants, such as ozone (2015–2018), sulfur, and nitrogen oxides (2012–2018) at air monitoring sites in the south of Eastern Siberia were sampled, following the passive sampling method, and analyzed. The spatial inhomogeneity of atmospheric gas concentrations is presented. The ozone concentration is lower in urban areas than those in rural areas and the background level. However, the nitrogen and sulfur oxide concentrations are higher in the atmosphere over the city site. The seasonal dependence of the ozone concentration was determined using its maximum (March–April) and minimum (September–October) levels. The dynamics of the nitrogen and sulfur oxide concentrations indicate that they are at their highest in December–June and their lowest in July–August. To verify the validity of the pollutant concentration measurements sampled by passive sampling, we compared our results with those obtained following the automatic and filter pack methods. A linear regression analysis and a pairwise modification of Student’s t test evaluated the concentrations of the air pollutant, sampled and measured using different methods, and they correlate well (r = 0.7–0.9). Full validation of the passive sampling method is not possible for some sites; therefore it is necessary to remove the remaining systematic errors in future work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics)
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20 pages, 4996 KiB  
Article
The Linkage of the Precipitation in the Selenga River Basin to Midsummer Atmospheric Blocking
by Olga Yu. Antokhina, Pavel N. Antokhin, Yuliya V. Martynova and Vladimir I. Mordvinov
Atmosphere 2019, 10(6), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10060343 - 24 Jun 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3236
Abstract
The linkage between atmospheric blocking (blocking frequency, BF) and total monthly July precipitation in the Selenga River Basin, the main tributary of Lake Baikal, for the period 1979–2016 was investigated. Based on empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis, two dominant modes of precipitation over [...] Read more.
The linkage between atmospheric blocking (blocking frequency, BF) and total monthly July precipitation in the Selenga River Basin, the main tributary of Lake Baikal, for the period 1979–2016 was investigated. Based on empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis, two dominant modes of precipitation over the Selenga River Basin were extracted. The first EOF mode (EOF 1) is related to precipitation fluctuations mainly in the Mongolian part of Selenga; the second EOF mode (EOF 2)—in the Russian part of Selenga. Based on two different modes obtained, the total amount of precipitation individually for the Russian and Mongolian part of Selenga was calculated. Correlation analysis has demonstrated that precipitation over the Mongolian part of the Selenga Basin is positively correlated to blocking over Eastern Siberia/Mongolia (80–120° E, ESM-BF). Precipitation over the Russian part of the Selenga Basin is positively correlated to blocking over the Urals-Western Siberia (50–80° E, UWS-BF) and European blocking (0–50° E, E-BF). However, the linkage is not stable, and after the mid-1990s, the obtained positive correlation became insignificant. The analysis has shown that the dominance of E or ESM-blocking in July was the primary driver of the existence of two precipitation modes over the Selenga River Basin. During 1996–2016, the negative trend of time coefficients of EOF 1 and 2 for precipitation in Selenga had been observed, which was characterized by displacement of positive precipitation anomalies outside the basin. At the same time, there was a weakening of the linkage between precipitation in the Selenga Basin and blocking frequency. We have revealed two wave-like modes over Northern Eurasia and the subtropical part of Eurasia corresponding to E, ESM-blocks in 1979–1995 and 1996–2016. The change of the Northern and subtropical wave modes is one of the causes for the weakening of the linkage between atmospheric blocking and precipitation in the Selenga Basin and as a consequence decreased precipitation in the Russian and Mongolian part of Selenga during 1979–2016. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics)
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