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New Trends towards Electric Vehicle Connection to the Power System
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New Trends towards Electric Vehicle Connection to the Power System

A special issue of Applied System Innovation (ISSN 2571-5577).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 22562

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vasiliki Vita

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Educators, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education (ASPETE), N. Heraklion Attikis, 141 21 Athens, Greece
Interests: transmission and distribution grids; electric vehicles; distributed generation; energy storage, energy markets; artificial intelligence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stavros Lazarou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Educators, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education (ASPETE), Heraklion Attikis, 141 21 Athens, Greece
Interests: power systems; dynamics; protection; steady state; distributed generation; renewables; carbon emissions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The electrification of transport is expected to increase electricity grid requirements to provide energy. If this evolution is not properly designed, it could potentially stress the networks, but it will create opportunities that would further enhance the importance of electric energy per se. To a certain degree, the procedure of building smarter networks provides the capability to control the charging of electric vehicles (EV), shifting their load, demand management, and/or using their batteries as energy storage. This capability is of paramount importance given the intermittency of the renewables, mostly used for zero carbon emission production and the increasing societal need of energy.

Load shifting, demand management, and energy storage for EV could be provided in an aggregated or decentralized manner. The aggregators are trusted authorities that collect all the necessary information from the stakeholders involved in EV charging, and they organize their rate of charge. They take into consideration the energy prices at any given moment, the need of charge, and they prefer increasing the load when production from renewables is higher and prices are lower. Blockchain entities, on the other hand, provide similar services, but the whole procedure is organized without central coordination.

The aim of the Special Issue is to present works that deal with the emerging challenges of the connection of EV to the grid and understanding the technical and policy constraints. In particular, the topic of interest includes but is not limited to, as far as technical constraints are concerned:

  • Innovative procedures for EV connection to the grid;
  • Blockchain applications for EV charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G), energy storage operations;
  • Aggregators for EV charging and their tools;

while as far as policy challenges are concerned:

  • Energy market design for increasing the penetration of electric vehicles;
  • Policy initiatives to increase the number of EV registrations;
  • Integrated assessment modeling for EVs.

Assis. Prof. Dr. Vasiliki Vita
Dr. Stavros Lazarou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied System Innovation is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 4128 KiB  
Article
Novel Fuzzy Controller for a Standalone Electric Vehicle Charging Station Supplied by Photovoltaic Energy
by Sherif A. Zaid, Hani Albalawi, Khaled S. Alatawi, Hassan W. El-Rab, Mohamed E. El-Shimy, Abderrahim Lakhouit, Tareq A. Alhmiedat and Ahmed M. Kassem
Appl. Syst. Innov. 2021, 4(3), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/asi4030063 - 6 Sep 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4399
Abstract
The electric vehicle (EV) is one of the most important and common parts of modern life. Recently, EVs have undergone a big development thanks to the advantages of high efficiency, negligible pollution, low maintenance, and low noise. Charging stations are very important and [...] Read more.
The electric vehicle (EV) is one of the most important and common parts of modern life. Recently, EVs have undergone a big development thanks to the advantages of high efficiency, negligible pollution, low maintenance, and low noise. Charging stations are very important and mandatory services for electric vehicles. Nevertheless, they cause high stress on the electric utility grid. Therefore, renewable energy-sourced charging stations have been introduced. They improve the environmental issues of the electric vehicles and support remote area operation. This paper proposes the application of fuzzy control to an isolated charging station supplied by photovoltaic power. The system is modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results indicate that the disturbances in the solar insolation do not affect the electric vehicle charging process at all. Moreover, the controller perfectly manages the stored energy to compensate for the solar energy variations. Additionally, the system response with the fuzzy controller is compared to that with the PI controller. The comparison shows that the fuzzy controller provides an improved response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends towards Electric Vehicle Connection to the Power System)
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25 pages, 9729 KiB  
Article
Innovative Scaled Hardware Simulator for Designing and Testing an EV’s Battery Storage System Incorporated with an Adaptive ANN Model
by Minella Bezha, Makoto Ishii, Takahiro Shoda, Yuki Hoshide and Naoto Nagaoka
Appl. Syst. Innov. 2020, 3(2), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/asi3020027 - 23 Jun 2020
Viewed by 3625
Abstract
In this study, a scaled-down system, which can be used as a benchmark test for the battery storage designing of electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed. This model was based on the hardware simulator of the battery storage system (BSS) used from a single [...] Read more.
In this study, a scaled-down system, which can be used as a benchmark test for the battery storage designing of electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed. This model was based on the hardware simulator of the battery storage system (BSS) used from a single cell up to 4 cells in a series pack system, which simulates a practical battery pack. The developed simulator can charge and discharge any rechargeable battery, such as Li-Ion, Ni–MH or Pb battery. The scaling ratio of the simulator was evaluated by the ratio of the current or power of the battery pack specimen related to the specification. Also, this study proposes an innovative state of charge (SoC) estimation of the battery pack for EVs based on genuine results obtained through practical tests. This estimation was carried out by an adaptive artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm, using simple inputs. As well, this model can deduct the state of health (SoH) of the battery pack based on the power output level and waveform characteristics. The results of the ANN showed high generalization, a low error of SoC estimation at the level of 1.1%, with a calculation time less than 16.5 s. Regarding the hardware simulator, the similarity of the results and waveform accuracy of the scaled-down battery systems compared with the real battery pack was very acceptable with a maximum deviation of 2.1% in the worst scenario. The cells cycled with different depths of discharge (DoD) or C-rates, at different temperatures with different initial SoCs using any arbitrary current waveforms. Our conclusions will help battery manufacturers to test and evaluate the performance of the BSS in different applications, such as EVs, PV generation, and wind farm, with significant cost reduction. Also, the ANN algorithm can be used and embedded in EVs or in any other industrial application, as proposed in this paper. This study contributed to the real-time diagnosis of the BSS without interrupting the normal operation based on its features. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends towards Electric Vehicle Connection to the Power System)
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Review

Jump to: Research

28 pages, 5652 KiB  
Review
Status of Pure Electric Vehicle Power Train Technology and Future Prospects
by Abhisek Karki, Sudip Phuyal, Daniel Tuladhar, Subarna Basnet and Bim Prasad Shrestha
Appl. Syst. Innov. 2020, 3(3), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/asi3030035 - 17 Aug 2020
Cited by 65 | Viewed by 13821
Abstract
Electric vehicles (EV) are becoming more common mobility in the transportation sector in recent times. The dependence on oil as the source of energy for passenger vehicles has economic and political implications, and the crisis will take over as the oil reserves of [...] Read more.
Electric vehicles (EV) are becoming more common mobility in the transportation sector in recent times. The dependence on oil as the source of energy for passenger vehicles has economic and political implications, and the crisis will take over as the oil reserves of the world diminish. As concerns of oil depletion and security of the oil supply remain as severe as ever, and faced with the consequences of climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions from the tail pipes of vehicles, the world today is increasingly looking at alternatives to traditional road transport technologies. EVs are seen as a promising green technology which could lead to the decarbonization of the passenger vehicle fleet and to independence from oil. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as EVs have zero tail pipe emission and therefore are capable of curbing the pollution problems created by vehicle emission in an efficient way so they can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector as pure electric vehicles are the only vehicles with zero-emission potential. However, there are some major barriers for EVs to overcome before totally replacing ICE vehicles in the transportation sector and obtain appreciable market penetration. This review evaluates the technological aspects of the different power train systems of BEV technology and highlights those technological areas where important progress is expected by focusing on reviewing all the useful information and data available on EV architecture, electrical machines, optimization techniques, and its possibilities of future developments as green mobility. The challenges of different electric drive trains’ commercialization are discussed. The major objective is to provide an overall view of the current pure electric vehicle powertrain technology and possibilities of future green vehicle development to assist in future research in this sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends towards Electric Vehicle Connection to the Power System)
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