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Applied Sciences
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Integration of High Voltage AC/DC Grids into Modern Power Systems
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Integration of High Voltage AC/DC Grids into Modern Power Systems

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 March 2020) | Viewed by 16404

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Fazel Mohammadi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
Interests: power systems control and operation; power systems planning and reliability; power systems protection and stability; high-voltage engineering; microgrids; smart grid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electric power transmission relies on AC and DC grids. The large integration of the conventional and non-conventional energy sources and power converters into power grids has resulted in a demand for high voltage (HV), extra-high voltage (EHV), and ultra-high voltage (UHV) AC/DC transmission grids in modern power systems. To ensure the security, adequacy, and reliable operation of power systems, practical aspects of interconnecting HV, EHV, and UHV AC/DC grids into the electric power systems, along with their economic and environmental impacts should be considered. The stability analysis for planning and operation of HV, EHV, and UHV AC/DC grids in power systems is regarded as the other key issue in modern power systems. Moreover, interactions between power converters and the other power electronics devices (e.g., FACTS devices) installed on the network are the other aspects of power systems that must be addressed.This Special Issue aims to investigate the integration of HV, EHV, and UHV AC/DC grids into modern power systems by analyzing their control, operation, protection, dynamics, planning, reliability, and security along with considering power quality improvement, market operations, power conversion, cybersecurity, supervisory and monitoring, diagnostics, and prognostics systems.

Dr. Fazel Mohammadi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Power Transmission Lines; High Voltage (HV); Extra High Voltage (EHV); Ultra High Voltage (UHV); High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC); High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC); AC Power Grids; DC Power Grids; AC/DC Power Grids; Modeling; Simulation; AC/DC Power Grids Control; AC/DC Power Grids Operation; AC/DC Power Grids Protection; Dynamics of AC/DC Power Grids; AC/DC Power Grids Planning; Load Forecasting; AC/DC Power Grids Reliability Assessment; Power Quality Analysis; Market Operations of AC/DC Power Grids; Power Electronics; Energy Conversion; Cybersecurity; Supervisory and Monitoring Systems; Diagnostics and Prognostics Systems; Smart Grids

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 149 KiB  
Editorial
Integration of High Voltage AC/DC Grids into Modern Power Systems
by Fazel Mohammadi
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 3682; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113682 - 26 May 2020
Viewed by 1356
Abstract
The Special Issue on “Integration of High Voltage AC/DC Grids into Modern Power Systems” is published. A total of five qualified papers are published in this Special Issue. The topics of the papers are control, protection, operation, planning, and scheduling of high voltage [...] Read more.
The Special Issue on “Integration of High Voltage AC/DC Grids into Modern Power Systems” is published. A total of five qualified papers are published in this Special Issue. The topics of the papers are control, protection, operation, planning, and scheduling of high voltage AC/DC grids. Twenty-five researchers have participated in this Special Issue. We hope that this Special Issue is helpful for high voltage applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of High Voltage AC/DC Grids into Modern Power Systems)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

22 pages, 6635 KiB  
Article
Optimal Scheduling of Large-Scale Wind-Hydro-Thermal Systems with Fixed-Head Short-Term Model
by Thang Trung Nguyen, Ly Huu Pham, Fazel Mohammadi and Le Chi Kien
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(8), 2964; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082964 - 24 Apr 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4004
Abstract
In this paper, a Modified Adaptive Selection Cuckoo Search Algorithm (MASCSA) is proposed for solving the Optimal Scheduling of Wind-Hydro-Thermal (OSWHT) systems problem. The main objective of the problem is to minimize the total fuel cost for generating the electricity of thermal power [...] Read more.
In this paper, a Modified Adaptive Selection Cuckoo Search Algorithm (MASCSA) is proposed for solving the Optimal Scheduling of Wind-Hydro-Thermal (OSWHT) systems problem. The main objective of the problem is to minimize the total fuel cost for generating the electricity of thermal power plants, where energy from hydropower plants and wind turbines is exploited absolutely. The fixed-head short-term model is taken into account, by supposing that the water head is constant during the operation time, while reservoir volume and water balance are constrained over the scheduled time period. The proposed MASCSA is compared to other implemented cuckoo search algorithms, such as the conventional Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) and Snap-Drift Cuckoo Search Algorithm (SDCSA). Two large systems are used as study cases to test the real improvement of the proposed MASCSA over CSA and SDCSA. Among the two test systems, the wind-hydro-thermal system is a more complicated one, with two wind farms and four thermal power plants considering valve effects, and four hydropower plants scheduled in twenty-four one-hour intervals. The proposed MASCSA is more effective than CSA and SDCSA, since it can reach a higher success rate, better optimal solutions, and a faster convergence. The obtained results show that the proposed MASCSA is a very effective method for the hydrothermal system and wind-hydro-thermal systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of High Voltage AC/DC Grids into Modern Power Systems)
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14 pages, 5496 KiB  
Article
Effect of Ionic Conductors on the Suppression of PTC and Carrier Emission of Semiconductive Composites
by Yingchao Cui, Hongxia Yin, Zhaoliang Xing, Xiangjin Guo, Shiyi Zhao, Yanhui Wei, Guochang Li, Meng Xin, Chuncheng Hao and Qingquan Lei
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(8), 2915; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082915 - 23 Apr 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1951
Abstract
The positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect of the semiconductive layers of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables is a key factor limiting its usage when the temperature exceeds 70 °C. The conductivity of the ionic conductor increases with the increase in temperature. Based on [...] Read more.
The positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect of the semiconductive layers of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables is a key factor limiting its usage when the temperature exceeds 70 °C. The conductivity of the ionic conductor increases with the increase in temperature. Based on the characteristics of the ionic conductor, the PTC effect of the composite can be weakened by doping the ionic conductor into the semiconductive materials. Thus, in this paper, the PCT effects of electrical resistivity in perovskite La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 (LSC) particle-dispersed semiconductive composites are discussed based on experimental results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a semiconductive resistance test device. Semiconductive composites with different LSC contents of 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt% were prepared by hot pressing crosslinking. The results show that the PTC effect is weakened due to the addition of LSC. At the same time, the injection of space charge in the insulating sample is characterized by the pulsed electroacoustic method (PEA) and the thermally stimulated current method (TSC), and the results show that when the content of LSC is 1 wt%, the injection of space charge in the insulating layer can be significantly reduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of High Voltage AC/DC Grids into Modern Power Systems)
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30 pages, 1691 KiB  
Article
Multi-Objective Optimal Reactive Power Planning under Load Demand and Wind Power Generation Uncertainties Using ε-Constraint Method
by Amir Hossein Shojaei, Ali Asghar Ghadimi, Mohammad Reza Miveh, Fazel Mohammadi and Francisco Jurado
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(8), 2859; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082859 - 20 Apr 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 2752
Abstract
This paper presents an improved multi-objective probabilistic Reactive Power Planning (RPP) in power systems considering uncertainties of load demand and wind power generation. The proposed method is capable of simultaneously (1) reducing the reactive power investment cost, (2) minimizing the total active power [...] Read more.
This paper presents an improved multi-objective probabilistic Reactive Power Planning (RPP) in power systems considering uncertainties of load demand and wind power generation. The proposed method is capable of simultaneously (1) reducing the reactive power investment cost, (2) minimizing the total active power losses, (3) improving the voltage stability, and (4) enhancing the loadability factor. The generators’ voltage magnitude, the transformer’s tap settings, and the output reactive power of VAR sources are taken into account as the control variables. To solve the probabilistic multi-objective RPP problem, the ε-constraint method is used. To test the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the IEEE 30-bus test system is implemented in the GAMS environment under five different conditions. Finally, for a better comprehension of the obtained results, a brief comparison of outcomes is presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of High Voltage AC/DC Grids into Modern Power Systems)
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37 pages, 923 KiB  
Article
An Improved Mixed AC/DC Power Flow Algorithm in Hybrid AC/DC Grids with MT-HVDC Systems
by Fazel Mohammadi, Gholam-Abbas Nazri and Mehrdad Saif
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(1), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010297 - 31 Dec 2019
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2891
Abstract
One of the major challenges on large-scale Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MT-HVDC) systems is the steady-state interaction of the hybrid AC/DC grids to achieve an accurate Power Flow (PF) solution. In PF control of MT-HVDC systems, different operational constraints, such as the [...] Read more.
One of the major challenges on large-scale Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MT-HVDC) systems is the steady-state interaction of the hybrid AC/DC grids to achieve an accurate Power Flow (PF) solution. In PF control of MT-HVDC systems, different operational constraints, such as the voltage range, voltage operating region, Total Transfer Capability (TTC), transmission reliability margin, converter station power rating, etc. should be considered. Moreover, due to the nonlinear behavior of MT-HVDC systems, any changes (contingencies and/or faults) in the operating conditions lead to a significant change in the stability margin of the entire or several areas of the hybrid AC/DC grids. As a result, the system should continue operating within the acceptable limits and deliver power to the non-faulted sections. In order to analyze the steady-state interaction of the large-scale MT-HVDC systems, an improved mixed AC/DC PF algorithm for hybrid AC/DC grids with MT-HVDC systems considering the operational constraints is developed in this paper. To demonstrate the performance of the mixed AC/DC PF algorithm, a five-bus AC grid with a three-bus MT-HVDC system and the modified IEEE 39-bus test system with two four-bus MT-HVDC systems (in two different areas) are simulated in MATLAB software and different cases are investigated. The obtained results show the accuracy, robustness, and effectiveness of the improved mixed AC/DC PF algorithm for operation and planning studies of the hybrid A/DC grids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of High Voltage AC/DC Grids into Modern Power Systems)
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21 pages, 7887 KiB  
Article
Field Optimization and Electrostatic Stress Reduction of Proposed Conductor Scheme for Pliable Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines
by Muhammad Junaid Alvi, Tahir Izhar, Asif Ali Qaiser, Hafiz Shafqat Kharal and Adnan Safdar
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(15), 2988; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9152988 - 25 Jul 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2992
Abstract
The implementation of stranded conductors in flexible gas-insulated transmission lines (FGILs) requires field intensity minimization as well as field irregularity suppression in order to avoid dielectric breakdown. Moreover, the interdependence of enclosure and conductor sizes of FGILs regarding electrostatic aspects necessitate critical consideration [...] Read more.
The implementation of stranded conductors in flexible gas-insulated transmission lines (FGILs) requires field intensity minimization as well as field irregularity suppression in order to avoid dielectric breakdown. Moreover, the interdependence of enclosure and conductor sizes of FGILs regarding electrostatic aspects necessitate critical consideration of their dimensional specifications. In this research, geometric and electrostatic field optimization for FGILs regarding stranded conductors is performed. In addition, the effect of conductor irregularity on field dispersion is analyzed, and a semiconducting film (SCF)-coated stranded conductor is proposed as a potential candidate for FGILs. Considering the performed optimized design, an 11 kV scaled-down model of a 132-kV FGIL was also fabricated in order to practically analyze its electrostatic and dielectric performances regarding simple and SCF-coated stranded conductors. Simulation and experimental investigations revealed that the SCF-coated stranded conductor significantly minimized the field irregularity of the FGIL along with improving in its dielectric breakdown characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of High Voltage AC/DC Grids into Modern Power Systems)
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