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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases—4th Edition
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Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases—4th Edition

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 3889

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Soliman Khatib

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Natural Products and Nutrition, MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel 2. Faculty of Sciences, Tel Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona 12208, Israel
Interests: natural compounds; analytical chemistry; metabolomics; oxidative stress; atherosclerosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress (OS) is essential in the pathogenesis of human chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and kidney diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, inflammation-related diseases, and aging. OS is characterized by an imbalance between the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in cells and tissues, and it occurs when the generation of these compounds exceeds the ability of the biological system to neutralize them.

ROS/RNS, such as superoxide (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (HO•), nitrogen oxide (NO•), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), are all products of normal metabolic pathways in humans; their production may increase as a result of influential external factors, such as pollution or cigarette smoke, or internally, as a result of impaired intracellular metabolism. Long-term exposure to increased levels of ROS/RNS can cause structural defects of lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA, as well as functional alteration of several enzymes and cellular structures, leading to an increase in OS and pathogenesis.

We invite you to share your latest original and innovative research findings or review articles in this upcoming Special Issue, “Oxidative-Stress in Human Diseases—4th Edition”. We welcome clinical and pre-clinical studies on the relationship between OS and human diseases, novel diagnosis methods and mechanisms, and approaches to preventing and treating diseases related to OS.

Dr. Soliman Khatib
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • ROS/RNS
  • human diseases
  • antioxidants
  • OS biomarkers

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 8983 KB  
Article
Weizmannia coagulans BC179 Alleviates Post-Alcohol Discomfort May via Taurine-Related Metabolism and Antioxidant Regulation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
by Mengyao Duan, Ying Wu, Jie Zhang, Saman Azeem, Yao Dong, Zhonghui Gai, Jianguo Zhu, Shuguang Fang and Shaobin Gu
Antioxidants 2025, 14(9), 1038; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14091038 - 23 Aug 2025
Viewed by 285
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with various health complications, including liver damage and systemic inflammation. Probiotic interventions have emerged as promising strategies to mitigate alcohol-induced harm, yet their mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate [...] Read more.
Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with various health complications, including liver damage and systemic inflammation. Probiotic interventions have emerged as promising strategies to mitigate alcohol-induced harm, yet their mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Weizmannia coagulans BC179 in chronic alcohol consumers. Seventy participants with a history of long-term alcohol intake were randomly assigned to receive either BC179 (3 g/day, 1 × 1010 CFU) or a placebo for a 30-day intervention period. Following alcohol ingestion, dynamic monitoring of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and serum metabolomic profiles was conducted. BC179 supplementation significantly reduced BAC and enhanced the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), while decreasing levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Conversely, the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) were significantly upregulated. Levels of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also markedly reduced. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant modulation of taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, as well as downregulation of caffeine-related pathways. Collectively, these findings indicate that W. coagulans BC179 alleviates alcohol-induced discomfort by enhancing alcohol metabolism, attenuating inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating key metabolic pathways. This probiotic strain may represent a promising adjunctive strategy for managing alcohol-related health issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases—4th Edition)
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12 pages, 1547 KB  
Article
Effects of Photodynamic Therapy and Glucocorticosteroids on Salivary Oxidative Stress in Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Clinical Trial
by Patryk Wiśniewski, Magdalena Sulewska, Jagoda Tomaszuk, Anna Zalewska, Sara Zięba, Aleksandra Pietruska, Emilia Szymańska, Katarzyna Winnicka, Mateusz Maciejczyk, Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska and Małgorzata Pietruska
Antioxidants 2025, 14(8), 1017; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14081017 - 20 Aug 2025
Viewed by 300
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and topical glucocorticosteroids (GKS) on total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI) in the saliva of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods: Ninety patients [...] Read more.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and topical glucocorticosteroids (GKS) on total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI) in the saliva of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods: Ninety patients with histopathologically confirmed OLP were randomly assigned to either the PDT group (n = 50) or the GKS group (n = 40). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-therapy. TOS, TAC, and OSI were determined using colorimetric assays. Results: Both PDT and GKS significantly reduced TOS over the entire observation period. TAC decreased persistently after GKS but remained stable after PDT except for an initial decline. OSI was significantly lower immediately after PDT but did not show sustained differences. Overall, PDT more effectively and durably restored redox balance compared to GKS. Conclusions: Photodynamic therapy demonstrates superior long-term efficacy in modulating oxidative stress markers in saliva, supporting its role as a promising alternative to topical corticosteroids in managing OLP. Clinically, these findings suggest that PDT may offer a non-invasive, recurrence-reducing, and steroid-sparing treatment alternative for OLP, potentially improving long-term patient outcomes and reducing side effects associated with prolonged corticosteroid use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases—4th Edition)
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Review

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31 pages, 1218 KB  
Review
Current Insights into Glutathione Depletion in Adult Septic Patients
by Sonia Gomar, Ricardo Bou, Francisco Javier Puertas, María Miranda, Francisco Javier Romero and Belén Romero
Antioxidants 2025, 14(9), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14091033 - 22 Aug 2025
Viewed by 202
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex condition characterized by an uncontrolled inflammatory response to infection, which can trigger multi-organ dysfunction and is associated with high mortality rates. In this context, oxidative stress plays a key role in the progression of tissue damage. Reduced glutathione (GSH), [...] Read more.
Sepsis is a complex condition characterized by an uncontrolled inflammatory response to infection, which can trigger multi-organ dysfunction and is associated with high mortality rates. In this context, oxidative stress plays a key role in the progression of tissue damage. Reduced glutathione (GSH), the primary non-enzymatic intracellular antioxidant, serves as a fundamental pillar in redox defense, acting as a key modulator of immune response, endothelial barrier integrity, and mitochondrial metabolism. This review explores the multifaceted role of GSH in the pathophysiology of sepsis, with emphasis on its biphasic effect on both innate and adaptive immunity, as well as its involvement in vascular alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms of GSH depletion during sepsis are analyzed, including excessive consumption by reactive species, disruption of its synthesis, and its intracellular compartmentalization. Additionally, the available clinical evidence in humans regarding the functional consequences of GSH loss is reviewed, particularly concerning organ failure—understood more as a bioenergetic and functional disruption than a structural one—and mortality, highlighting the methodological limitations and heterogeneity of the reported findings. Altogether, this analysis intends to provide a comprehensive view of the role of glutathione in redox dysregulation and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sepsis. Furthermore, it seeks to consolidate current pathophysiological and clinical knowledge to emphasize the potential role of glutathione as a prognostic marker and possible target for future therapeutic strategies in addressing this complex condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases—4th Edition)
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19 pages, 2360 KB  
Review
Antioxidant Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome
by Juan Guerrero-Mauvecin, Natalia Villar-Gómez, Lucia Miño-Izquierdo, Adrián Povo-Retana, Adrian M. Ramos, Gema Ruiz-Hurtado, Maria D. Sanchez-Niño, Alberto Ortiz and Ana B. Sanz
Antioxidants 2025, 14(6), 701; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060701 - 9 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1440
Abstract
The cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome was recently conceptualized to provide a holistic framework for diagnosing and treating the full spectrum of key age-associated interrelated conditions: overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute and chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. This conceptualization resulted from epidemiological associations, [...] Read more.
The cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome was recently conceptualized to provide a holistic framework for diagnosing and treating the full spectrum of key age-associated interrelated conditions: overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute and chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. This conceptualization resulted from epidemiological associations, advances in our understanding of shared and interrelated pathogenic mechanisms, and observations that several drug families improved outcomes in all three components of CKM. Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) enhance all CKM spectrum components, although their efficacy varies against specific components. However, the modified mechanisms by these drugs beyond glycemic control in CKM syndrome are poorly understood. We now deeply review the available literature regarding the impact of SGLT2i on oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in preclinical and clinical studies of type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute and chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and CKM syndrome. Evidence suggests that SGLT2i may have a secondary antioxidant effect that reduces the vicious cycle of tissue injury—inflammation—tissue injury, even in organs distant from the primary injury. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases—4th Edition)
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20 pages, 2577 KB  
Review
The Potential Role of Oxidative Stress in Modulating Airway Defensive Reflexes
by Yuki Sato, Yoichiro Sugiyama, Tomoya Ishida, Haruhiko Inufusa, Fukka You, Davis Joseph and Shigeru Hirano
Antioxidants 2025, 14(5), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14050568 - 9 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1191
Abstract
Airway defensive reflexes, such as pharyngeal swallowing, coughing, and sneezing, play a pivotal role in maintaining airway homeostasis. These reflexes are controlled by complex mechanisms primarily governed by specific neuronal circuitry in the brainstem, referred to as central pattern generators. These behaviors also [...] Read more.
Airway defensive reflexes, such as pharyngeal swallowing, coughing, and sneezing, play a pivotal role in maintaining airway homeostasis. These reflexes are controlled by complex mechanisms primarily governed by specific neuronal circuitry in the brainstem, referred to as central pattern generators. These behaviors also require optimal conditions for the peripheral organs within the airway and alimentary tracts, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea, which are vital for ensuring appropriate responsiveness and motor outputs. Oxidative stress is linked to the development and progress of impaired functions of those behaviors. Dysphagia caused by central or peripheral impairments, such as neurodegeneration of related neuronal networks and laryngeal desensitization, is likely associated with an increased level of oxidative stress. Chronic inflammation and allergic airway sensitization in the lower airways, including asthma, elevate oxidative stress levels and diminish the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, which exacerbate the severity of respiratory conditions. Antioxidant supplements offer promising therapeutic benefits by facilitating the recovery of distorted airway defensive reflexes, although limited information has been provided concerning therapeutic strategies. Further studies are necessary to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of dysphagia and airway diseases related to oxidative stress, as well as to develop new treatment strategies for these disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases—4th Edition)
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