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Antioxidants
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Aging and Infection: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Clinical Complexity in...
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Aging and Infection: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Clinical Complexity in Older Adults

A Special Issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921) belonging to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2027 | Viewed by 833

Editor

Dr. Claudio Tana

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Internal Medicine Unit, Manduria Hospital, ASL Taranto, Taranto, Italy
Interests: internal medicine; comorbidity; aging; digital health; clinical governance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Population aging is profoundly reshaping the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of infectious diseases. Older adults represent a particularly vulnerable population, characterized by immunosenescence, inflammaging, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and functional frailty, all of which contribute to increased susceptibility to infections, atypical clinical manifestations, and worse clinical outcomes. A growing body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and nutrition-related factors play a central role in linking the biology of aging to immune dysfunction, infection severity, organ damage, and delayed recovery.

This Special Issue, “Aging and Infection: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Clinical Complexity in Older Adults”, aims to provide an updated and multidisciplinary overview of the redox- and nutrition-related mechanisms underlying infection vulnerability in the aging population. Particular emphasis will be placed on the interplay between oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, inflammatory pathways, and immune response, as well as on the role of dietary patterns, micronutrients, and metabolic status in modulating host–pathogen interactions and clinical outcomes.

We welcome original research articles, narrative and systematic reviews, and clinical perspectives addressing, but not limited to, the following: oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in aging and infection; nutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and immune competence in older adults; inflammaging and redox-driven immune dysregulation; infection-related organ damage and recovery; atypical clinical presentations in the elderly; infection-associated cardiovascular and metabolic complications; antimicrobial stewardship in older populations; and emerging preventive and therapeutic strategies, including nutritional interventions, lifestyle approaches, and personalized medicine supported by digital health and AI-based risk stratification.

By integrating biological, nutritional, clinical, and translational perspectives, this Special Issue aims to advance the understanding of how redox balance and nutrition intersect with infection and aging, ultimately informing more personalized, preventive, and sustainable models of care for older adults.

Dr. Claudio Tana
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aging
  • infectious diseases
  • oxidative stress
  • antioxidants
  • nutrition
  • immunosenescence
  • inflammaging
  • frailty
  • host–pathogen interactions
  • precision medicine

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2357 KB  
Article
Targeting Oxidative Stress in Insulin-Resistant Postmenopausal Women: Effects of Resveratrol and Vitamin C on Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Defenses in a Randomized Clinical Trial
by Enrique Reyes-Muñoz, Arturo Arellano-Eguiluz, Guillermo F. Ortiz-Luna, Alberto M. Guzmán-Grenfell, Arturo Flores-Pliego, Aurora Espejel-Nuñez, Sandra B. Parra-Hernández, Elizabeth García-Gómez, José Romo-Yañez and Araceli Montoya-Estrada
Antioxidants 2026, 15(8), 1028; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15081028 - 18 Aug 2026
Viewed by 248
Abstract
Women experience significant changes throughout their lives, particularly during the transition from reproductive age to postmenopause, marked by hormonal imbalance and reduced estrogen production. This stage is associated with increased oxidative stress, which can contribute to cardiovascular issues and insulin resistance. This study [...] Read more.
Women experience significant changes throughout their lives, particularly during the transition from reproductive age to postmenopause, marked by hormonal imbalance and reduced estrogen production. This stage is associated with increased oxidative stress, which can contribute to cardiovascular issues and insulin resistance. This study aimed to assess the effects of resveratrol and vitamin C supplementation on 8-Isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, and on DNA damage, as indicated by 8-hidroxi-2′-desoxiguanosina (8-Oxo-dG), in postmenopausal women with insulin resistance, and to evaluate how these supplements modified antioxidant defense. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted. Plasma samples were analyzed to measure antioxidant enzyme activity, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and to assess oxidative damage to lipids and DNA. Forty-two patients were recruited and randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Within-group analyses showed significant increases in CAT and GR activities and a reduction in plasma 8-isoprostane concentrations in the group receiving combined resveratrol and vitamin C supplementation, with increases of 12% in CAT activity (p = 0.008) and 84% in GR activity (p = 0.007), and a 34% reduction in 8-isoprostane concentrations (p = 0.01). However, no significant between-group differences or treatment × time interactions were observed. No significant changes were detected in 8-Oxo-dG concentrations. These preliminary findings suggest that antioxidant supplementation may influence selected markers of antioxidant defense and lipid oxidative damage in postmenopausal women with insulin resistance; however, the present study does not demonstrate the superiority of one supplementation regimen over the others. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging and Infection: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Clinical Complexity in Older Adults)
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18 pages, 17391 KB  
Article
A Purified Lycii Fructus Polysaccharide Fraction Extends Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans with an ATFS-1/UBL-5-Associated Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response
by Yanting Hu, Xuhan Zhang, Yihang Xu, Wenhao Fan, Zhouyuan Xue, Yutong Wang, Zhongyuan Wang, Fang Zhang, Jialiang Hu and Zheng Qiu
Antioxidants 2026, 15(8), 944; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15080944 - 29 Jul 2026
Viewed by 271
Abstract
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is crucial in preserving mitochondrial health and, consequently, in prolonging healthspan. Natural bioactive polysaccharides have emerged as a central focus for delaying senescence, although their links to mitochondrial stress responses remain incompletely understood. In this study, [...] Read more.
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is crucial in preserving mitochondrial health and, consequently, in prolonging healthspan. Natural bioactive polysaccharides have emerged as a central focus for delaying senescence, although their links to mitochondrial stress responses remain incompletely understood. In this study, a purified fraction of Lycii Fructus polysaccharide (FSP) significantly extended lifespan, improved healthspan-related phenotypes, and enhanced resistance to heat, oxidative, and ultraviolet stress in C. elegans. FSP also preserved mitochondrial abundance and morphology, increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced reactive oxygen species. Transcriptomic and qPCR analyses, together with hsp-60 and hsp-6 reporter assays, showed an enhanced UPRmt-associated response after FSP treatment. FSP-mediated lifespan extension was not observed in the atfs-1 and ubl-5 mutant strains, supporting pathway involvement of ATFS-1/UBL-5-dependent UPRmt signaling. FSP reduced senescence-associated β-galactosidase positivity and improved mitochondrial function in human dermal fibroblasts. Our findings provide a vision of regulating UPRmt for anti-aging interventions with plant polysaccharides and highlight the anti-aging potential of FSP by improving mitochondrial health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging and Infection: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Clinical Complexity in Older Adults)
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