Implication of Oxidative Stress in Promoting Cellular Senescence and Associated Pathologies—2nd Edition

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 2561

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cellular responses to reactive oxygen species (ROS) depend on the nature, the level, the duration, and the cells’ ability to cope with the oxidant stimulus to which they are exposed. Basic steady-state levels of ROS oxidize specific targets and regulate the signaling pathways implicated in various physiological processes (redox signaling). However, deviation from this steady state leads to unspecific oxidation, thus disrupting redox signaling and/or causing macromolecular damage. Depending on the severity of the damage, cell responses can range from permanent growth arrest (cellular senescence) to programmed cell death (apoptosis or ferroptosis), or, in more extreme conditions, necrotic cell death.

Cellular senescence, as a stable growth arrest program, has evolved as a mechanism to prevent the propagation of unwanted cells. Yet, senescent cells are not inert; despite the accelerated accumulation of macromolecular damage, they remain alive for prolonged periods and release factors that can harm neighboring healthy cells, as well as the very cells that produce these factors. Accordingly, their accumulation within tissues and organs contributes to tissue dysfunction and gives rise to pathological manifestations, organ ageing, and age-related diseases.

In this regard, unraveling the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence will contribute significantly to the development of new strategies combatting ageing and age-related pathologies. This Special Issue aims to elucidate the interrelationships of oxidative stress and cellular senescence and their contribution to ageing and age-related pathologies.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Alexandra Barbouti
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • free radicals
  • reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • cellular senescence
  • ageing
  • age-related pathologies

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 457 KiB  
Communication
Oxidative Stress and Salivary Physicochemical Characteristics Relative to Dental Caries and Restorative Treatment in Children
by Anastasia A. Poimenidou, Panagiota Geraki, Sotiria Davidopoulou, Sotirios Kalfas and Aristidis Arhakis
Antioxidants 2025, 14(4), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14040405 - 28 Mar 2025
Viewed by 333
Abstract
Numerous studies investigating oxidative stress in saliva in relation to dental caries and dental treatment focus on parameters such as total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde. This study is the first to utilize 8-isoprostane as a salivary biomarker to assess oxidative stress in relation [...] Read more.
Numerous studies investigating oxidative stress in saliva in relation to dental caries and dental treatment focus on parameters such as total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde. This study is the first to utilize 8-isoprostane as a salivary biomarker to assess oxidative stress in relation to both caries and dental treatment. Salivary properties are also evaluated. The innovation of this study lies in its unique approach: although these salivary parameters have been examined individually in past research, this is the first study to evaluate them in conjunction with oxidative stress. A total of 26 children with caries and 20 caries-free children aged between 4 and 12 years old were included in this study. From both groups, stimulated saliva was collected and used to assess salivary properties and the 8-isoprostane level. For the caries group, the same measurements were also conducted after dental treatment. Children with caries had significantly lower levels of pH, and conductivity compared to caries-free children. The concentration of 8-isoprostane did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the caries group, dental treatment led to an increase in salivary conductivity and buffer capacity, along with a decrease in 8-isoprostane levels. Full article
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25 pages, 4260 KiB  
Article
Senescence Rejuvenation through Reduction in Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Polygonum cuspidatum Extract: In Vitro Evidence
by Jee Hee Yoon, Ye Hyang Kim, Eun Young Jeong, Yun Haeng Lee, Youngjoo Byun, Song Seok Shin and Joon Tae Park
Antioxidants 2024, 13(9), 1110; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091110 - 14 Sep 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1628
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the major causes of senescence. Strategies to reduce ROS are known to be important factors in reversing senescence, but effective strategies have not been found. In this study, we screened substances commonly [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the major causes of senescence. Strategies to reduce ROS are known to be important factors in reversing senescence, but effective strategies have not been found. In this study, we screened substances commonly used as cosmetic additives to find substances with antioxidant effects. Polygonum cuspidatum (P. cuspidatum) extract significantly reduced ROS levels in senescent cells. A novel mechanism was discovered in which P. cuspidatum extract reduced ROS, a byproduct of inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), by increasing OXPHOS efficiency. The reduction in ROS by P. cuspidatum extract restored senescence-associated phenotypes and enhanced skin protection. Then, we identified polydatin as the active ingredient of P. cuspidatum extract that exhibited antioxidant effects. Polydatin, which contains stilbenoid polyphenols that act as singlet oxygen scavengers through redox reactions, increased OXPHOS efficiency and subsequently restored senescence-associated phenotypes. In summary, our data confirmed the effects of P. cuspidatum extract on senescence rejuvenation and skin protection through ROS reduction. This novel finding may be used as a treatment in senescence rejuvenation in clinical and cosmetic fields. Full article
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Review

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22 pages, 2075 KiB  
Review
The Role of Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia
by Alexandra Barbouti, Dimitrios N. Varvarousis and Panagiotis Kanavaros
Antioxidants 2025, 14(5), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14050529 - 28 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Preeclampsia is a hypertension condition of human pregnancy that poses a significant risk to pregnant women and their fetus. It complicates about 2–8% of human pregnancies worldwide and displays multifactorial pathogenesis, including increased placental oxidative stress because of disturbed utero-placental blood flow. Recent [...] Read more.
Preeclampsia is a hypertension condition of human pregnancy that poses a significant risk to pregnant women and their fetus. It complicates about 2–8% of human pregnancies worldwide and displays multifactorial pathogenesis, including increased placental oxidative stress because of disturbed utero-placental blood flow. Recent evidence suggests that increased oxidative stress promotes acceleration of the placental senescence which is implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. This review focuses on the mechanisms that lead to oxidative stress in preeclamptic patients and examines the role of oxidative stress-induced placental senescence in the pathogenesis of the disease. Full article
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