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Novel Technology in Poultry Production and Nutrition: Role in Disease...
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Novel Technology in Poultry Production and Nutrition: Role in Disease Prevention, Performance and Welfare Improvement and Sustainability

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Poultry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 14579

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vasilios Tsiouris

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Guest Editor
Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: broiler; layer; breeder; health; welfare; feed technology; management technology; poultry pathogens
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Georgios A. Papadopoulos

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: monogastric animal science; swine animal science; poultry animal science; applied monogastric animal nutrition and feeding; peripartal sow metabolism; sow reproduction and production; weaned piglet gut health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ilias Giannenas

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: animal nutrition; health; antioxidants; feed additives; aromatic and medicinal plants; alternative feedstuffs with bioactive compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Paschalis Fortomaris

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: broiler; layer; breeder; health; welfare; feed technology; management technology; poultry pathogens

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rapid global population growth and rising incomes in developing countries have led to increased demand for protein, which is one of the most expensive and limiting feed ingredients. The poultry industry can play a key role in alleviating poverty as well as food scarcity as it can provide high-quality protein and nutrients for human consumption through meat and eggs. However, poultry protein must be produced in a way that promotes the health and welfare of the birds while being ethical and environmentally friendly. The poultry industry faces an ongoing challenge to apply novel technologies and develop management strategies to optimize chicken performance while minimizing food safety concerns. For example, the shift away from antibiotic use in poultry has led industry and academia to find alternatives to AGPs to improve bird health, welfare and performance as well as prevent and control enteric pathogens. In addition, increased consumer demand for "organic" poultry products is further forcing this industry to avoid the use of AGPs and to implement more environmentally and poultry-friendly management practices. Considering the shift away from the use of antibiotics in poultry feed and the impact of zoonotic agents on poultry, public and environmental health, a “One Health” approach should be adopted. Taking all the above-mentioned factors into account, a wide range of novel, alternative, environmentally friendly technologies in poultry production and nutrition should be developed. All these technologies in poultry production and nutrition bring new challenges and demand a holistic approach through novel feed strategies in order to minimize the impact on poultry health and welfare as well as to guarantee food safety and security for a growing human population. The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide current knowledge on novel technology in poultry production and nutrition with the potential for disease prevention, performance and welfare improvement, as well as to improve sustainability in poultry.

Dr. Vasilios Tsiouris
Dr. Georgios A. Papadopoulos
Dr. Ilias Giannenas
Prof. Dr. Paschalis Fortomaris
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • broiler
  • layer
  • breeder
  • health
  • welfare
  • feed technology
  • management technology
  • poultry pathogens

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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13 pages, 910 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Phytogenic Supplement (Alkaloids and Flavonoids) in the Control of Eimeria spp. in Experimentally Challenged Broiler Chickens
by Anne-Sophie Hascoët, Paulina Torres-Celpa, Roberto Riquelme-Neira and Héctor Hidalgo-Olate
Animals 2025, 15(6), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15060847 - 15 Mar 2025
Viewed by 535
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis remains a problematic challenge in poultry farms worldwide, with increasing concerns about resistance to conventional anticoccidial drugs, highlighting the need for alternative control strategies. A total of 256 male broilers (Ross 308), 1 day old, were randomly assigned to four experimental [...] Read more.
Avian coccidiosis remains a problematic challenge in poultry farms worldwide, with increasing concerns about resistance to conventional anticoccidial drugs, highlighting the need for alternative control strategies. A total of 256 male broilers (Ross 308), 1 day old, were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (eight replicates, each containing eight chickens) to evaluate the effectiveness of a phytogenic supplement against Eimeria spp. At 14 days, broilers were challenged via oral gavage with a mixture of six strains of live Eimeria spp. oocysts (4.0 × 104 Eimeria spp. oocysts per bird). The groups included a negative control (no anticoccidials or challenge), a positive control (coccidial challenge, no anticoccidials), a phytogenic-supplemented diet based on alkaloids and flavonoids, and a diet with anticoccidials (narasin and nicarbazin). Fecal samples were collected for oocyst counts from day 14 to 23, and at 23 days (9 days post-infection), intestinal lesions and mucosa measurements were evaluated. The oocyst counts in the phytogenic and anticoccidial groups were significantly lower than in the positive control (with a reduction of 61.3% and 71.6%, respectively, compared to the positive control) (p < 0.05), with no significant differences between the phytogenic supplement and anticoccidials. The phytogenic supplement provided intermediate protection based on histopathological scores with a significantly lower histopathology score than the positive control but significantly higher than the negative control (p < 0.05). No differences in body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, or mortality were observed across groups during the trial, likely due to the moderate challenge applied. In conclusion, the phytogenic supplement demonstrated anticoccidial activity comparable to narasin and nicarbazin without compromising productivity, warranting further research into its mechanisms, resistance impact, and commercial application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Poultry Production and Nutrition: Role in Disease Prevention, Performance and Welfare Improvement and Sustainability)
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21 pages, 3003 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Multivalent Vaccination Strategies in Mitigating Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Lameness Using a Hybrid Challenge Model
by Amanda Anthney, Khawla Alharbi, Ruvindu Perera, Anh Dang Trieu Do, Andi Asnayanti, Reginald Onyema, Sara Reichelt, Antoine Meuter, Palmy R. R. Jesudhasan and Adnan A. K. Alrubaye
Animals 2025, 15(4), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15040570 - 16 Feb 2025
Viewed by 606
Abstract
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is caused by several bacteria, including Salmonella, Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and Mycoplasma spp., and BCO is a significant animal health and welfare issue in broiler production, causing 1–2% of bird condemnation at marketing [...] Read more.
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is caused by several bacteria, including Salmonella, Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and Mycoplasma spp., and BCO is a significant animal health and welfare issue in broiler production, causing 1–2% of bird condemnation at marketing age and resulting in annual losses of tens of millions of dollars. This study evaluated the efficacy of a probiotic program alone and combined with a multivalent electron beam (eBeam)-inactivated vaccine in reducing BCO lameness. The probiotic program included an Enterococcus faecium spray (E. faecium 669, at 2 × 109 CFU/bird) at hatch and a triple-strain Bacillus-based product (B. subtilis 597, B. subtilis 600, and B. amyloliquefaciens 516 at 1 × 109 CFU/bird/day) in drinking water from day 1 to day 56. An aerosol transmission challenge model simulated commercial bacterial exposure. Birds were divided into five groups: a positive control (PC) group (T1) and a negative control (NC) group (T2) receiving no treatment and three treatment groups receiving the probiotic program (T3), the multivalent vaccine (T4), or both the probiotic program and the multivalent vaccine (T5). Data analyzed via ANOVA (p < 0.05) showed T3, T4, and T5 had significantly lower lameness (43.7%, 40.3%, and 40.7%) than T2 (71.0%) and T1 (83.0%). T5 resulted in reductions comparable to T4, indicating no significant synergistic effect. These findings show that probiotics alone or with a vaccine effectively mitigate BCO lameness, enhance broiler welfare, and reduce economic losses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Poultry Production and Nutrition: Role in Disease Prevention, Performance and Welfare Improvement and Sustainability)
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17 pages, 290 KiB  
Article
Developing a More Sustainable Protein and Amino Acid Supply of Laying Hens in a Split Feeding System
by Boglárka Horváth, Patrik Strifler, Nikoletta Such, László Wágner, Károly Dublecz, Henrik Baranyay, László Bustyaházai and László Pál
Animals 2024, 14(20), 3006; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14203006 - 17 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1351
Abstract
Two model experiments were conducted to investigate the different protein and amino acid supply of laying hens fed split feeding (SF) diets. In Experiment 1, one conventional (C) and one SF dietary treatment were established, and the diets were implemented for 12 weeks. [...] Read more.
Two model experiments were conducted to investigate the different protein and amino acid supply of laying hens fed split feeding (SF) diets. In Experiment 1, one conventional (C) and one SF dietary treatment were established, and the diets were implemented for 12 weeks. The concentrations of crude protein, SID Lys, Met, Met + Cys Arg, Val, Thr, Leu, Ile, and Trp of the SF morning diet were the same as in the C diet. The crude protein content of the SF afternoon diet was lower (92%), while the SID values of Lys, Met, Met + Cys were identical compared to the C diet (100%). The SF treatment resulted in a reduced protein/N intake, better feed conversion ratio, higher eggshell thickness and apparent ileal digestibility of Asp, Leu, Lys, Gly, and Ser, and lower concentration of N forms (total, fecal, NH4+, uric acid, urinary) in the excreta compared to the C treatment. In Experiment 2, a control and a low protein (−2% crude protein but the same SID values of Lys, Met, Met + Cys, Thr, Val) SF treatment were compared for 6 weeks. The low protein SF treatment led to a decreased protein/N intake, higher laying rate, lower egg weight, higher ileal digestibility of Ala, Asp, Leu, and Ile, and similar N emission compared to the control SF treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Poultry Production and Nutrition: Role in Disease Prevention, Performance and Welfare Improvement and Sustainability)
12 pages, 1326 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Impact of Spraying an Enterococcus faecium-Based Probiotic on Day-Old Broiler Chicks at Hatch on the Incidence of Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Lameness Using a Staphylococcus Challenge Model
by Anh Dang Trieu Do, Amanda Anthney, Khawla Alharbi, Andi Asnayanti, Antoine Meuter and Adnan Ali Khalaf Alrubaye
Animals 2024, 14(9), 1369; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14091369 - 2 May 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2117
Abstract
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lameness is a bone disease characterized by the translocation of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract, which colonize microfractures in broiler leg bones caused by rapid animal growth rate and weight gain, resulting in lameness. As such, BCO lameness [...] Read more.
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lameness is a bone disease characterized by the translocation of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract, which colonize microfractures in broiler leg bones caused by rapid animal growth rate and weight gain, resulting in lameness. As such, BCO lameness represents a significant challenge for the poultry industry. This study aims to evaluate the effect of spraying broiler chicks on d0 at hatch with an Enterococcus faecium probiotic on the incidence of BCO-induced lameness, utilizing a Staphylococcus aureus challenge model. There were four treatments: (1) negative control (no probiotic + no challenge, NC); (2) positive control (no probiotic + challenge, PC); (3) low dosage (4.0 × 108 CFU/chick + challenge, LOW); and (4) high dosage (2.0 × 109 CFU/chick + challenge, HIGH). On d5, groups two through four were challenged with Staphylococcus aureus through the drinking water at a concentration of 1.0 × 105 CFU/mL. Cumulative lameness incidence was determined through daily evaluations and necropsies conducted on lame birds starting from d22. Data were subjected to a binomial general regression analysis (significant p < 0.05). On d56, the PC group exhibited the highest cumulative lameness incidence (58.0%; p < 0.05), followed by LOW (36.0%), HIGH (28.7%), and NC groups (25.3%), respectively. These results suggest early probiotic application at day-of-hatch successfully reduced the incidence of lameness in challenged birds, thus contributing to understanding of efficient and sustainable broiler production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Poultry Production and Nutrition: Role in Disease Prevention, Performance and Welfare Improvement and Sustainability)
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19 pages, 20069 KiB  
Article
DFCCNet: A Dense Flock of Chickens Counting Network Based on Density Map Regression
by Jinze Lv, Jinfeng Wang, Chaoda Peng and Qiong Huang
Animals 2023, 13(23), 3729; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13233729 - 1 Dec 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2054
Abstract
With the development of artificial intelligence, automatically and accurately counting chickens has become a reality. However, insufficient lighting, irregular sizes, and dense flocks make this a challenging task. The existing methods cannot perform accurate and stable counting. In this article, a dense flock [...] Read more.
With the development of artificial intelligence, automatically and accurately counting chickens has become a reality. However, insufficient lighting, irregular sizes, and dense flocks make this a challenging task. The existing methods cannot perform accurate and stable counting. In this article, a dense flock of chickens counting network (DFCCNet) is proposed based on density map regression, where features from different levels are merged using feature fusion to obtain more information for distinguishing chickens from the background, resulting in more stable counting results. Multi-scaling is used to detect and count chickens at various scales, which can improve the counting accuracy and ensure stable performance for chickens of different sizes. Feature convolution kernels are adopted to convolve feature maps, which can extract more accurate target information, reduce the impact of occlusion, and achieve more reliable and precise results. A dataset of dense flocks of chickens (namely Dense-Chicken) has been collected and constructed, which contains 600 images of 99,916 chickens, with labeled points and boxes. It can be accessed by researchers as benchmark data. The proposed method was compared with some state-of-the-art algorithms, to validate its effectiveness. With its robustness being verified by counting in three kinds of density situations, with the mean absolute error being 4.26, 9.85, and 19.17, respectively, and a speed of 16.15 FPS. DFCCNet provides an automatic and fast approach to counting chickens in a dense farming environment. It can be easily embedded into handheld devices for application in agricultural engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Poultry Production and Nutrition: Role in Disease Prevention, Performance and Welfare Improvement and Sustainability)
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14 pages, 3204 KiB  
Article
In Ovo Feeding Techniques of Green Nanoparticles of Silver and Probiotics: Evaluation of Performance, Physiological, and Microbiological Responses of Hatched One-Day-Old Broiler Chicks
by Mervat M. N. Ahmed, Zienhom S. H. Ismail, Ibrahim Elwardany, Jayant Lohakare and Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
Animals 2023, 13(23), 3725; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13233725 - 1 Dec 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2868
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the in ovo feeding of green nanoparticles of silver (Nano-Ag), probiotics, and their combination on hatchability, carcass criteria and internal organs, biochemical parameters, and cecal microbial populations in hatched one-day-old chicks. On [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the in ovo feeding of green nanoparticles of silver (Nano-Ag), probiotics, and their combination on hatchability, carcass criteria and internal organs, biochemical parameters, and cecal microbial populations in hatched one-day-old chicks. On day 18 of incubation, 250 live embryo eggs were weighed and randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups: a negative control group, a positive control group consisting of chicks injected with 0.2 mL physiological saline, a group consisting of chicks injected with 0.2 mL Nano-Ag, a group consisting of chicks injected with 0.2 mL probiotics (Bifidobacterium spp.), and a group consisting of chicks injected with 0.2 mL combination of Nano-Ag and probiotics (1:1). The results showed that the in ovo injection of Nano-Ag or probiotics, alone or in combination, had no effect on hatchability, live body weight, or internal organs but improved (p < 0.05) chick carcass yield compared to the control groups. Furthermore, in ovo feeding decreased (p < 0.05) serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as cecal E. coli, but increased Bifidobacterium spp. when compared to the control groups. Based on these findings, in ovo injections of green Nano-Ag and probiotics, either alone or in combination, have the potential to improve chick health and balance the microbial populations in hatched one-day-old chicks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Poultry Production and Nutrition: Role in Disease Prevention, Performance and Welfare Improvement and Sustainability)
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11 pages, 673 KiB  
Article
Dietary Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Waste Inhibits Experimentally Induced Eimeria tenella Challenge in Japanese Quails Model
by Jamal Abdul Nasir, Naila Chand, Shabana Naz, Ibrahim A. Alhidary, Rifat U. Khan, Sajida Batool, Noha T. Zelai, Gianluca Pugliese, Vincenzo Tufarelli and Caterina Losacco
Animals 2023, 13(21), 3421; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13213421 - 4 Nov 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1774
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dietary 3% oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) waste in enhancing the anticoccidial effects in broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella infection. The experiment involved a total of 600 Japanese quails, raised from [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dietary 3% oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) waste in enhancing the anticoccidial effects in broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella infection. The experiment involved a total of 600 Japanese quails, raised from one to thirty-five days of age, which were divided into four treatment groups. These included a negative control group that received a basal diet (BD) without any anticoccidial or antibiotic supplementation in the non-challenged birds (negative control, NC); a positive control (PC) group consisting of NC birds challenged with E. tenella; a group that received the BD with an anticoccidial drug (standard); and a group that received the BD supplemented with 3% waste from oyster mushrooms (3% Pleurotus ostreatus). The results showed that the feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency were significantly lower in the PC (p < 0.05). However, the growth traits were similar in the standard and 3% Pleurotus ostreatus-treated groups. Similarly, there was no difference (p < 0.05) in the mortality rate, oocyst count in the feces, and lesion score between the standard and 3% Pleurotus ostreatus groups. Based on intestinal histology evaluation, the villi height and width were significantly higher in the standard and 3% Pleurotus ostreatus-treated groups compared to those of the PC (p < 0.01). In conclusion, it was found that 3% Pleurotus ostreatus effectively mitigated the low growth rate of Japanese quails induced by coccidial infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Poultry Production and Nutrition: Role in Disease Prevention, Performance and Welfare Improvement and Sustainability)
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25 pages, 1408 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Yeast Mannan-Rich Fraction on Broiler Performance and the Implication for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Chicken Production
by Saheed A. Salami, Jules Taylor-Pickard, Stephen A. Ross and Colm A. Moran
Animals 2024, 14(11), 1595; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14111595 - 28 May 2024
Viewed by 1489
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of yeast-derived mannan-rich fraction (MRF) could improve the gastrointestinal health and production efficiency of broilers, and, consequently, lower the environmental impacts of chicken production. The objective of this meta-analysis was to quantify the retrospective effects of feeding MRF (Actigen®, [...] Read more.
Dietary supplementation of yeast-derived mannan-rich fraction (MRF) could improve the gastrointestinal health and production efficiency of broilers, and, consequently, lower the environmental impacts of chicken production. The objective of this meta-analysis was to quantify the retrospective effects of feeding MRF (Actigen®, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) on the production performance of broilers. The meta-analysis database included 27 studies and consisted of 66 comparisons of MRF-supplemented diets vs. basal (i.e., negative control) and antibiotic-supplemented (i.e., positive control) diets. A total of 34,596 broilers were involved in the comparisons and the average final age of the birds was 35 days. Additionally, the impact of feeding MRF on the carbon footprint (feed and total emission intensities) of chicken production was evaluated using the meta-analysis results of broiler performance (MRF vs. basal diets) to develop a scenario simulation that was analyzed by a life cycle assessment (LCA) model. A database of all trials (MRF vs. basal and antibiotic diets) indicated that feeding MRF increased (p < 0.01) average daily feed intake (ADFI; +3.7%), final body weight (FBW; +3.5%), and average daily gain (ADG; 4.1%) and improved (p < 0.01) feed conversion ratio (FCR; −1.7%) without affecting (p > 0.05) mortality. A subdatabase of MRF vs. basal diets indicated that dietary MRF increased ADFI (+4.5%), FBW (+4.7%), and ADG (+6.3%) and improved FCR (−2.2%) and mortality (−21.1%). For the subdatabase of MRF vs. antibiotic diets, both treatments exhibited equivalent effects (p > 0.05) on broiler performance parameters, suggesting that MRF could be an effective alternative to in-feed antibiotics. Subgroup analysis revealed that different study factors (year of study, breed/strain, production challenges, and MRF feeding duration) influenced the effect of dietary MRF on broiler performance. Simulated life cycle analysis (LCA) indicated that feeding MRF decreased feed and total emission intensities, on average, by −2.4% and −2.1%, respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that dietary MRF is an effective nutritional solution for improving broiler performance, an effective alternative to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters, and reduces the environmental impact of poultry meat production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Poultry Production and Nutrition: Role in Disease Prevention, Performance and Welfare Improvement and Sustainability)
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