Assistance Dogs—What Should We Focus On

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Human-Animal Interactions, Animal Behaviour and Emotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2025) | Viewed by 3475

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
Interests: animal-assisted interventions; companion animals; pet grief

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
Interests: assistance dogs; dog training; animal-assisted interventions; companion animals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Assistance dogs are specially trained to undertake a variety of tasks to support individuals with disabilities. There are many benefits of assistance dogs, including their impact on the physical wellbeing and safety of the person as well as on psychological wellbeing and social inclusion.

The role of assistance dogs in society for the blind and individuals with motoric disabilities is widely recognized by the public. However, the use of assistance dogs is expanding into new fields, such as mental illnesses, and thus raises new questions of recognition but also concerns about animal safety and welfare being adequately taken into consideration.

Moreover, there are still areas that remain under-addressed in the field of assistance dogs, e.g., studies on the attachment between the recipient and the assistance dog, its role in the family as such, and what happens when the dogs must retire or die, including possible handler grief.

In this Special Issue, we invite submissions of original manuscripts on all aspects of assistance dogs. We welcome manuscripts from different disciplines to improve the understanding of assistance dogs; the relationship between dogs and recipients, pet grief, safety and animal welfare, the training and certification of assistance dogs (guidelines, what type of knowledge is needed), acquiring an assistance dog as a process of transition, the integration of assistance dogs with rehabilitation, etc. All manuscripts must consider animal welfare.

Dr. Tia G.B. Hansen
Dr. Chalotte Glintborg
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • guide dogs
  • hearing dogs
  • mobility assistance dogs
  • psychiatric service dogs
  • human–animal attachment
  • assistance animal standards and wellbeing

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 516 KiB  
Article
Balancing Objectivity and Welfare: Physiological and Behavioural Responses of Guide Dogs During an Independent Certification Protocol
by Viola Faerber-Morak, Lisa-Maria Glenk, Karl Weissenbacher and Annika Bremhorst
Animals 2025, 15(13), 1896; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15131896 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 381
Abstract
Guide dogs are essential in supporting the autonomy of blind and visually impaired individuals. Austria is the first country to implement a legally mandated, two-stage certification protocol for the official recognition of guide dogs, assessed by an independent authority. The first stage includes [...] Read more.
Guide dogs are essential in supporting the autonomy of blind and visually impaired individuals. Austria is the first country to implement a legally mandated, two-stage certification protocol for the official recognition of guide dogs, assessed by an independent authority. The first stage includes two evaluation phases: the dog guides its familiar trainer (Phase 1) and then an unfamiliar blind tester (Phase 2). While Phase 2 ensures an objective assessment of guiding performance, it may also introduce stress due to the unfamiliar handler and separation from the trainer that could impact welfare and behaviour. This study aimed to evaluate whether Phase 2 of the Austrian evaluation protocol elicits higher stress than Phase 1 in guide dogs and, hence, needs to be refined in this regard by comparing physiological and behavioural responses between the two test phases. Fourteen guide dogs were assessed during real evaluations. Salivary cortisol was collected before the evaluation day and at several time points on the evaluation day (before and after each phase). Behavioural responses were coded from video recordings of the first 5 and 15 min of each phase, including stress-related behaviours, task-related performance behaviours, and handler behaviours. Cortisol levels did not differ significantly between the phases. Dogs turned around significantly more often in Phase 2, potentially seeking reassurance, but showed a non-significant trend toward fewer stress-related behaviours. Verbal praise occurred more frequently with the unfamiliar tester. These findings suggest that the current evaluation protocol does not induce substantial physiological or behavioural stress when dogs are guided by an unfamiliar tester, supporting its continued use as a welfare-conscious and objective certification approach that could also potentially serve as a model for other countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assistance Dogs—What Should We Focus On)
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12 pages, 224 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Relationship between Persons with Hearing Loss/Deafness and Their Hearing Dogs
by Carlie J. Driscoll, Jessica Hill, Anna Torre and Nancy Pachana
Animals 2024, 14(11), 1527; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14111527 - 22 May 2024
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Abstract
The reported positive outcomes of animal-assisted services have led to an emerging interest in many different aspects of human–animal interactions. The influence of an assistance animal is thought to encompass several psychosocial domains in the life of a person with a significant health [...] Read more.
The reported positive outcomes of animal-assisted services have led to an emerging interest in many different aspects of human–animal interactions. The influence of an assistance animal is thought to encompass several psychosocial domains in the life of a person with a significant health impairment. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the relationship between Hearing Dogs and their owners. A prospective study design using a written questionnaire method was utilized to survey 58 current and 23 prospective Australian Lions Hearing Dogs owners. The Pet Expectations Inventory (PEI) was used to investigate the anticipated role of Hearing Dogs in waitlisted persons with hearing loss/Deafness, whereas the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS) was completed by current owners to assess emotional attachment. The results revealed a high mean PEI score (M = 73.1, SD = 10.9, Mdn = 73.0, range: 55–91), with prospective owners strongly expecting the role of Hearing Dogs to include companionship/love and security. Furthermore, strong attachment features were evident in the owners’ relationships with Hearing Dogs, as demonstrated by a high total LAPS score (M = 81.2, SD = 7.5, range: 63–91). Mean scores for statements within the “people substitution” category were highest (range = 3.6/4.00–3.9/4.00). In this demographically homogenous study cohort, it appeared that the high expectations of potential Hearing Dog owners for their animals to serve supportive roles beyond hearing assistance should be achievable, as evidenced by the strong attachment relationships displayed between Hearing Dogs and their owners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assistance Dogs—What Should We Focus On)
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