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Clinical Examinations to Promote Diagnosis and Pathophysiological Understanding of Cardiac Disease in Small Animals

A Special Issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615) belonging to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2025) | Viewed by 8538

Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: cardiology; echocardiography; small animals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In small animal veterinary medicine, heart disease is a very common and important affliction. In order to treat and manage heart disease, it is important to make an appropriate diagnosis and understand the pathophysiology behind it; thus, many clinical veterinarians require information on clinical examinations for this purpose. For this Special Issue, we invite the submission of a wide range of research papers and case studies related to clinical examinations for the diagnosis and pathophysiology of small animal heart disease, including echocardiography, electrocardiography, radiography, cardiac biomarkers, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and newly developed cardiovascular diagnostic tools. The purpose of this Special Issue is to share cutting-edge knowledge on heart disease in small animals and to contribute to future research and clinical practice.

Dr. Ryohei Suzuki
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • echocardiography
  • electrocardiography
  • cardiac biomarker
  • myocardial function
  • mitral valve disease
  • cardiomyopathy
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • congenital heart disease
  • congestive heart failure
  • arrhythmias

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 313 KB  
Article
Comparison of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Between Cats with Cardiogenic Arterial Thromboembolism and Cats with Occult Cardiomyopathy Without Arterial Thromboembolism
by Michelle A. Oranges, Lisa M. Freeman, Elizabeth A. Rozanski, Emily T. Karlin and John E. Rush
Animals 2026, 16(2), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16020157 - 6 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1984
Abstract
To help assess the relationship between N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and feline cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism (ATE), the objective of this retrospective study was to compare plasma NT-proBNP concentrations between cats with cardiomyopathy that developed ATE (ATE group) and cats with occult cardiomyopathy [...] Read more.
To help assess the relationship between N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and feline cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism (ATE), the objective of this retrospective study was to compare plasma NT-proBNP concentrations between cats with cardiomyopathy that developed ATE (ATE group) and cats with occult cardiomyopathy that did not develop ATE within 1 year of testing (occult cardiomyopathy [OCM] group). Cats with cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure (CHF) but no ATE (CHF group) were included for comparison. Cats with cardiomyopathy that had NT-proBNP testing were classified into ATE, OCM, or CHF groups. Clinical, echocardiographic, treatment, and NT-proBNP data from medical records were reviewed and compared among groups. A receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to develop a cutoff point for NT-proBNP. Cats were then compared based on this cutoff point. The ATE group (n = 25) had significantly higher NT-proBNP concentrations than the OCM group (n = 31; p < 0.001); there was no significant difference in NT-proBNP concentrations between the ATE and CHF groups (p = 0.92). The estimated optimal NT-proBNP cutoff point to separate OCM and ATE groups was 491 pmol/L (sensitivity = 96.0%, specificity = 93.5%). Cats with NT-proBNP > 491 pmol/L had a larger left atrium, thicker left ventricle, lower fractional shortening, and higher prevalence of spontaneous echogenic contrast and left atrial thrombi on echocardiography. These preliminary, hypothesis-generating findings suggest that NT-proBNP concentrations > 491 pmol/L may help detect cats with OCM at risk for ATE, but given the limitations of this retrospective study, prospective studies are needed to evaluate the potential utility of this measurement. Full article
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11 pages, 821 KB  
Article
Relationship Between Cardiac Troponin I Concentration and Myocardial Function in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Cats With or Without Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction
by Shuji Satomi, Ryohei Suzuki, Yunosuke Yuchi, Yayoi Yoshii, Haruka Kanno, Takahiro Teshima and Hirotaka Matsumoto
Animals 2025, 15(9), 1313; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15091313 - 1 May 2025
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2908
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiac disease in cats. HCM is classified into obstructive HCM (HOCM) and non-obstructive HCM (HNCM) forms based on the presence or absence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). In humans, LVOTO is a known poor [...] Read more.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiac disease in cats. HCM is classified into obstructive HCM (HOCM) and non-obstructive HCM (HNCM) forms based on the presence or absence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). In humans, LVOTO is a known poor prognostic factor and a target for therapeutic intervention. In contrast, LVOTO has been reported not to contribute to prognosis in cats. This study demonstrated significant correlations between cTnI levels and a maximal LV outflow tract velocity (LVOTV). This finding suggests that LVOTO is associated with myocardial cell injury. Full article
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9 pages, 1386 KB  
Case Report
Advanced Imaging for Congenital Left Ventricular Diverticulum in a Dog: The Role of Electrocardiosynchronous CT
by Miki Hirose, Lina Hamabe, Kazumi Shimada, Aki Takeuchi, Kazuyuki Terai, Aimi Yokoi, Ahmed Farag, Akari Hatanaka, Rio Hayashi, Katsuhiro Matsuura and Ryou Tanaka
Animals 2025, 15(2), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15020280 - 20 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2829
Abstract
A 2-month-old Shiba Inu was presented to an emergency veterinary clinic with decreased activity and was diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension secondary to a ventricular septal defect. The dog was referred to the TUAT Veterinary Medical Center for further evaluation. During treatment, a diverticulum [...] Read more.
A 2-month-old Shiba Inu was presented to an emergency veterinary clinic with decreased activity and was diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension secondary to a ventricular septal defect. The dog was referred to the TUAT Veterinary Medical Center for further evaluation. During treatment, a diverticulum was incidentally identified at the apex of the left ventricle. While the diverticulum caused no clinical symptoms, a cardiac synchronous computed tomography (CT) scan was performed to accurately assess its anatomical location and size. This case highlights the value of advanced imaging techniques in diagnosing complex congenital cardiac anomalies. Full article
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