The Application of Probiotics for Sustainable Aquaculture

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Aquatic Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 5245

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Aquaculture, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
Interests: aquaculture; natural additives; immunology; pathology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The application of probiotics in aquaculture has gained significant attention in recent years as a promising alternative to traditional methods of disease control and environmental management. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host organism. In aquaculture, probiotics can be used to improve water quality, enhance growth and survival rates, boost immune responses, and reduce reliance on antibiotics and chemical treatments. When applying probiotics in aquaculture, it is very important to consider factors such as strain selection, dosage, application methods, and environmental conditions that can influence the efficacy of probiotic treatments. In addition, it is necessary to establish regulatory frameworks and quality control measures to guarantee the safety and efficacy of probiotic products in aquaculture.

In this Special Issue, we invite you to submit original research papers and reviews.

Dr. Antonio Luna-González
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • aquaculture
  • probiotics
  • microorganisms
  • antibiotics
  • water quality
  • immune response
  • growth

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 8214 KiB  
Article
Lactobacillus plantarum Alters Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Composition to Improve High Starch Metabolism in Megalobrama amblycephala
by Linjie Qian, Siyue Lu, Wenqiang Jiang, Qiaoqiao Mu, Yan Lin, Zhengyan Gu, Yeyang Wu, Xianping Ge and Linghong Miao
Animals 2025, 15(4), 583; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15040583 - 18 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of adding Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB) to a high-starch diet on glucose and lipid metabolism, gut microbiota, and the composition of metabolites in Megalobrama amblycephala. This experiment was equipped with three isonitrogenous and [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of adding Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB) to a high-starch diet on glucose and lipid metabolism, gut microbiota, and the composition of metabolites in Megalobrama amblycephala. This experiment was equipped with three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic feeds as control group (LW), high starch group (HW), and high starch with LAB group (HP). A total of 180 experimental fish (13.5 ± 0.5 g) were randomly divided into three treatments, and three floating cages (1 m × 1 m × 1 m) were set up for each treatment. A total of 20 fish per net were kept in an outdoor pond for 8 weeks. The results showed that both the HW and HP groups had an altered structure and a reduced diversity of gut microbiota. LAB increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and decreased PC (16:1/20:5) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid levels. LAB promoted the expression of genes related to the intestinal bile acid cycle (fxr, hmgcr, rxr, shp and hnf4α) and inhibited the expression of pparβ and g6pase (p < 0.05). LAB reduced the expression of genes related to transported cholesterol (lxr and ldlr) (p < 0.05) in the liver. In conclusion, LAB addition could regulate the gut microbiota disorders caused by high starch levels, promote cholesterol metabolism, produce bile acids, and reduce lipid deposition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Probiotics for Sustainable Aquaculture)
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22 pages, 3939 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Effect of Bacilli and Lactic Acid Bacteria on Water Quality, Growth, Survival, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microbiota of Cultured Litopenaeus vannamei
by Ana Sofía Vega-Carranza, Ruth Escamilla-Montes, Jesús Arturo Fierro-Coronado, Genaro Diarte-Plata, Xianwu Guo, Cipriano García-Gutiérrez and Antonio Luna-González
Animals 2024, 14(18), 2676; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14182676 - 14 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Shrimp is one of the most important aquaculture industries. Therefore, we determined the effect of nitrifying-probiotic bacteria on water quality, growth, survival, immune response, and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei cultured without water exchange. In vitro, only Bacillus licheniformis used total ammonia nitrogen [...] Read more.
Shrimp is one of the most important aquaculture industries. Therefore, we determined the effect of nitrifying-probiotic bacteria on water quality, growth, survival, immune response, and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei cultured without water exchange. In vitro, only Bacillus licheniformis used total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrites, and nitrates since nitrogen bubbles were produced. TAN decreased significantly in the treatments with B. licheniformis and Pediococcus pentosaceus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, but no differences were observed in nitrites. Nitrates were significantly higher in the treatments with bacteria. The final weight was higher only with bacilli and bacilli and LAB treatments. The survival of shrimp in the bacterial treatments increased significantly, and superoxide anion increased significantly only in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) treatment. The activity of phenoloxidase decreased significantly in the treatments with bacteria compared to the control. Shrimp treated with bacilli in the water showed lower species richness. The gut bacterial community after treatments was significantly different from that of the control. Linoleic acid metabolism was positively correlated with final weight and superoxide anion, whereas quorum sensing was correlated with survival. Thus, bacilli and LAB in the water of hyperintensive culture systems act as heterotrophic nitrifers, modulate the intestinal microbiota and immune response, and improve the growth and survival of shrimp. This is the first report on P. pentosaceus and L. mesenteroides identified as nitrifying bacteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Probiotics for Sustainable Aquaculture)
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16 pages, 1652 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial Activity, Genetic Relatedness, and Safety Assessment of Potential Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from a Rearing Tank of Rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) Used as Live Feed in Fish Larviculture
by Diogo Contente, Lara Díaz-Formoso, Javier Feito, Beatriz Gómez-Sala, Damián Costas, Pablo E. Hernández, Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza, Juan Borrero, Patrícia Poeta and Luis M. Cintas
Animals 2024, 14(10), 1415; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14101415 - 9 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2092
Abstract
Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding agri-food industry that faces substantial economic losses due to infectious disease outbreaks, such as bacterial infections. These outbreaks cause disruptions and high mortalities at various stages of the rearing process, especially in the larval stages. Probiotic bacteria are [...] Read more.
Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding agri-food industry that faces substantial economic losses due to infectious disease outbreaks, such as bacterial infections. These outbreaks cause disruptions and high mortalities at various stages of the rearing process, especially in the larval stages. Probiotic bacteria are emerging as promising and sustainable alternative or complementary strategies to vaccination and the use of antibiotics in aquaculture. In this study, potential probiotic candidates for larviculture were isolated from a rotifer-rearing tank used as the first live feed for turbot larvae. Two Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and two Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolates were selected for further characterization due to their wide and strong antimicrobial activity against several ichthyopathogens, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative. An extensive in vitro safety assessment of these four isolates revealed the absence of harmful traits, such as acquired antimicrobial resistance and other virulence factors (i.e., hemolytic and gelatinase activities, bile salt deconjugation, and mucin degradation, as well as PCR detection of biogenic amine production). Moreover, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) analyses unveiled their genetic relatedness, revealing two divergent clusters within each species. To our knowledge, this work reports for the first time the isolation and characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) with potential use as probiotics in aquaculture from rotifer-rearing tanks, which have the potential to optimize turbot larviculture and to introduce novel microbial management approaches for a sustainable aquaculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Probiotics for Sustainable Aquaculture)
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