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Agronomy
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Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Somatic Embryogenesis–2nd Edition
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Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Somatic Embryogenesis–2nd Edition

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant-Crop Biology and Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 6173

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Justyna Lema-Rumińska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kazimierz Wielki University,12 Ossoliński Av., PL-85-093 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: somatic embryogenesis; secondary metabolites; molecular markers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Danuta Kulpa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, 17 Słowackiego Str., PL-71-434 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: micropropagation; secondary metabolites; suspension cultures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant in vitro cultures and plant somatic embryogenesis is the focus of this 2nd Edition of the Special Issue entitled ‘Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Somatic Embryogenesis’. The methods employed to propagate and regenerate plants in in vitro cultures are being developed and enhanced continuously. Micropropagation is extensively used for the production of high-quality cuttings, and it is also employed in gene banks for the in vitro conservation and storage of plant genetic resources. A micropropagation is also a crucial tool for the production of specific secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. One of the most efficient plant regeneration methods is somatic embryogenesis. However, the genetic stability of plants can be disrupted during micropropagation and regeneration processes. Therefore, ensuring the true-to-type nature of plants obtained through these methods requires confirmation of their genetic stability. Molecular markers, applicable at any stage of plant development, are particularly effective for this purpose. The genetic variability induced through techniques such as mutagenesis, or genetic transformation, in in vitro cultures also facilitates the breeding of novel crop cultivars.

Considering these advancements, researchers are encouraged to publish original research and review articles presenting methods that are applicable to plant propagation and regeneration in vitro cultures, particularly focusing on somatic embryogenesis. Manuscripts addressing the determination of the genetic stability of plants post-regeneration, micropropagation, or the use of in vitro culture methods for secondary metabolite production or plant breeding are highly welcome.

Dr. Justyna Lema-Rumińska
Dr. Danuta Kulpa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • breeding
  • elicitation
  • genetic stability
  • micropropagation
  • molecular markers
  • regeneration
  • slow growth
  • somatic embryos

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1658 KiB  
Article
Cultivation of Siberian Motherwort Plants (Leonurus sibiricus L.) in In Vitro Culture
by Anna Figas, Magdalena Tomaszewska-Sowa and Zofia Gruszka
Agronomy 2025, 15(1), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15010183 - 14 Jan 2025
Viewed by 939
Abstract
In this study, an attempt was made to micropropagate the Siberian motherwort (Leonurus sibiricus L.) in in vitro cultures. The aim of this study was to compare methods of sterilization of seeds, which served as a source of initial explants to induce [...] Read more.
In this study, an attempt was made to micropropagate the Siberian motherwort (Leonurus sibiricus L.) in in vitro cultures. The aim of this study was to compare methods of sterilization of seeds, which served as a source of initial explants to induce in vitro culture and to multiply shoots from explants isolated from them. The primary explants in the experiment were seeds. The seeds were placed on ½ MS medium without PGR and enriched with GA3 at a concentration of 1 mg∙dm−3. The addition of GA3 to the medium stimulated their germination. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and 70% ethanol (C2H5OH) were used to sterilize the seeds. NaClO was used for proper sterilization in concentrations: 0.0% (1), 1.5% (2), 2% (3), and 2.5% (4) for 11 min. As secondary explants in the experiment, single-node fragments of sterile seedlings derived from sterile seeds were used, which were placed on MS medium, with the addition of plant growth regulators (PGR) from the group of auxins and cytokinins. The largest number of sterile and live Siberian motherwort seedlings was obtained in the variant in which 2.5% NaClO was used for proper sterilization of the seeds. To optimize the procedure of in vitro micropropagation, the axillary shoots of Leonurus sibiricus L. were transferred during the third passage onto nine different combinations of MS medium: PGR-free medium, with different concentrations of BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) (0.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 mg∙dm−3) and BAP (0.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 mg∙dm−3) with NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) (1.0 mg∙dm−3). The largest number of shoots (9.62) forming was obtained on the medium supplemented with 4 mg∙dm−3 BAP and 1 mg∙dm−3 NAA, while the longest shoots were on the medium without PGR. Induction of rhizogenesis of Siberian motherwort plants in in vitro cultures was achieved on MS medium with the addition of 0.5 mg∙dm−3 IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). At the stage of adaptation to ex vitro conditions, high plant survival of 90% was achieved by using a solution with MS salts (25%) for irrigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Somatic Embryogenesis–2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 3587 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study on the Effect of GiSelA 5 Rootstock Propagation Methods on Sweet Cherry Growth and Physiology
by Sławomir Świerczyński and Anita Schroeter-Zakrzewska
Agronomy 2024, 14(11), 2701; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14112701 - 16 Nov 2024
Viewed by 952
Abstract
The basis of orchard production is rootstocks that reduce the vigor of sweet cherry trees. However, not all rootstocks for this species can be easily propagated using traditional methods of stooling or cutting. Some of these must be propagated using the in vitro [...] Read more.
The basis of orchard production is rootstocks that reduce the vigor of sweet cherry trees. However, not all rootstocks for this species can be easily propagated using traditional methods of stooling or cutting. Some of these must be propagated using the in vitro method. This is expensive and, consequently, increases the price of maiden sweet cherry trees. Our experiment assessed the growth of maiden trees of selected sweet cherry varieties (‘Bellise’, ‘Earlise’, ‘Lapins’, ‘Vanda’) depending on the method of propagation of a semi-dwarf GiSelA 5 rootstock. Additionally, the intensity of physiological processes taking place in the obtained maiden trees was also examined. The experiment compared one type of GiSelA 5 rootstock, obtained using a cheaper softwood cuttings method, with another rootstock propagated using an in vitro method. During the two years of study, there were no significant differences in the percentage of maiden trees obtained in the case of the propagation methods for both types of rootstocks, ranging from 77.43% to 87.74%. The vigor of maiden tree growth in the first year of this study was stronger than in the second year. In particular, the stem diameter of maiden trees varied from 7% to 39%, depending on the variety considered. With the exception of one variety, maiden trees produced from a rootstock propagated by stem cuttings were characterized by a larger stem diameter for the three varieties, ranging from 23% to 29%, and by a greater number of side shoots, ranging from 73% to 172%, compared to those from in vitro. Additionally, when using the stem cutting method of propagation, the rootstocks had a better developed root system, except for the ‘Earlise’ variety. However, most often, no significant differences were found between the methods of propagation regarding the fresh weight of the maiden trees and leaves and their leaf blade area. The activity of physiological processes of maiden sweet cherry trees varied, and no constant regularities were found. In the second year of the experiment, maiden trees were more often characterized by lower levels of net photosynthetic intensity and internal CO2 concentration, which was associated with worse growth results. Based on the collected results, it is recommended to propagate the considered rootstock using stem cuttings, which yields maiden trees with similar and sometimes even better growth parameters than those propagated using the in vitro method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Somatic Embryogenesis–2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 1821 KiB  
Article
The Influence of X-ray Radiation on the Morphological, Biochemical, and Molecular Changes in Copiapoa tenuissima Seedlings
by Piotr Licznerski, Emilia Michałowska, Alicja Tymoszuk, Janusz Winiecki and Justyna Lema-Rumińska
Agronomy 2024, 14(9), 2155; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092155 - 21 Sep 2024
Viewed by 958
Abstract
Cactaceae are a significant group of ornamental plants in the horticultural market. In the present study, X-rays were used for the first time to induce mutational changes in the cactus Copiapoa tenuissima. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic [...] Read more.
Cactaceae are a significant group of ornamental plants in the horticultural market. In the present study, X-rays were used for the first time to induce mutational changes in the cactus Copiapoa tenuissima. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic variability in seedlings exposed to in vitro X-ray irradiation at doses of 0, 15, 20, 25, and 50 Gy (radiation time from 5 min 13 s to 17 min 22 s) by morphological analysis, a spectrophotometric evaluation of plant pigment content, and the confirmation of changes at the genetic level using SCoT (start codon targeted) markers. The results showed that the percentage of colorful seedlings increased with the radiation dose and was the highest for the 50 Gy dose (4.89%). The radiation doses of 25 and 50 Gy generated seedlings with a new color (orange-brown), which had not yet been observed in C. tenuissima. With the increase in the radiation dose, as compared to control seedlings, brown seedlings showed an increase in the concentrations of carotenoids, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b, while green seedlings showed an increase in the concentrations of anthocyanins and chlorophyll b and a decrease in the concentrations of carotenoids and chlorophyll a. The unweighted pair group method analysis showed a very large genetic distance among the tested genotypes exposed to X-rays. The results of the present study provide a novel direction for using X-rays to breed new cultivars of C. tenuissima. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Somatic Embryogenesis–2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 8691 KiB  
Article
Comparative Transcriptomic Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Maize (Zea mays L.) Embryogenic Callus Differentiation
by Liqiang Dai and Tianjiao Li
Agronomy 2024, 14(8), 1689; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081689 - 31 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1368
Abstract
The regeneration of plant somatic cells is a prerequisite for their biological breeding. Identification of key genes controlling embryogenic callus (EC) differentiation and investigation of the genetic mechanism of cell fate determination are important for improving plant variety. In this study, we used [...] Read more.
The regeneration of plant somatic cells is a prerequisite for their biological breeding. Identification of key genes controlling embryogenic callus (EC) differentiation and investigation of the genetic mechanism of cell fate determination are important for improving plant variety. In this study, we used the maize inbred line KN5585 and its gene-edited mutants Zmprx19-1, Zmprx19-2 and Zmprx19-3 as plant materials. Three somatic regeneration-related traits, the embryogenic callus induction rate (EIR), green callus rate (GCR) and plantlet regeneration rate (PRR), were identified by tissue culture of immature embryos. Additionally, the ECs at different differentiation stages (0 d, 5 d, 10 d and 15 d) were subjected to RNA-seq, and comparative transcriptome analyses were performed. The results showed that the somatic regeneration traits of the mutants were all highly significantly lower than those of the wild type (p < 0.01). The PRR value of KN5585 was 75.25%, while the highest PRR of the mutants was only 15.08%, indicating that knockdown of ZmPRX19 inhibited EC regeneration. Transcriptome sequencing yielded a total of 200.30 Gb of clean data from 24 libraries, with an average of 6.53 Gb of clean data per library. Mutant and wild-type gene expression data were compared separately at four differentiation stages, and 689 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. WGCNA was used to classify these genes into nine modules, which were subsequently subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. In total, 40, 23, 17 and 5 genes were significantly (q < 0.05) enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, the MAPK signaling pathway-plant, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis, respectively. Moreover, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed five MAPKKK17_18 hub nodes involved in the MAPK pathway-plant, which may be the key genes controlling plantlet differentiation from ECs. The above results provide a basis for the final elucidation of the molecular mechanism of plant somatic regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Somatic Embryogenesis–2nd Edition)
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Review

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10 pages, 282 KiB  
Review
Crucial Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Androgenesis in Oat (Avena sativa L.) Through Anther and Microspore Cultures
by Magdalena Grela, Ilona Czyczyło-Mysza and Edyta Skrzypek
Agronomy 2024, 14(10), 2394; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102394 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1243
Abstract
Historically, traditional crossbreeding schemes have predominated in oat breeding. In vitro culture techniques seek to expedite the breeding process and enhance selection efficiency. Maximum yields are achieved from hybrid plants produced by crossing pure (homozygous) lines with the desired traits. Homozygous lines can [...] Read more.
Historically, traditional crossbreeding schemes have predominated in oat breeding. In vitro culture techniques seek to expedite the breeding process and enhance selection efficiency. Maximum yields are achieved from hybrid plants produced by crossing pure (homozygous) lines with the desired traits. Homozygous lines can be produced through conventional breeding methods, which are time-consuming and costly. Alternatively, the production of homozygous lines can be accelerated by producing doubled haploid (DH) plants derived from (haploid) male gametophytes or their microspores (androgenesis). This method condenses the various stages required for producing homozygous lines in a single generation, resulting in significant time and cost savings. These and other advantages render androgenic DHs the preferred choice in numerous important crops where any of the various in vitro experimental techniques (anthers culture or isolated microspores culture) are well-established. However, in the case of oat (Avena sativa L.), an efficient plant regeneration method remains not very effective compared to the most common cereals, possibly due to the known recalcitrance of this cereal to in vitro culture. This review presents the methods through anther and microspore cultures utilized in the production of oat DHs revealing the crucial factors influencing the efficiency of this method in oat (Avena sativa L.). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Somatic Embryogenesis–2nd Edition)
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