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Journals
Agronomy
Special Issues
Hybrid Breeding: Future Status and Future Prospects
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Hybrid Breeding: Future Status and Future Prospects

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Breeding and Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2021) | Viewed by 18150

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ioannis N. Xynias

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Guest Editor
School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 9 Iraklias str., 54636 Thessaloniki, Hellas, Greece
Interests: breeding field crops; doubled haploid production; cytogenetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Athanasios G. Mavromatis

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Guest Editor
Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: plant genetics & breeding; molecular cytogenetics; breeding for resistance to abiotic stress conditions and food quality
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ioannis Mylonas

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Guest Editor
Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization–"Demeter", 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: cereal genetics and breeding; plant genetic resources; diversity; multi-environment field evaluation; tolerance to abiotic stress; GxE interaction; wide and specific agronomic adaptation; responsiveness to inputs; climate change
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Hybrid breeding is a scientific approach based on the exploitation of heterosis for crop production. The use of hybrids changed the history of agriculture, as some crops significantly increased their yield potential and its stability of production in adverse environments. Nowadays, its importance remains relevant due to the prevalence of climate change and environmental deterioration. The discovery of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) facilitated the introgression of hybrid breeding in some cross-pollinated and self-pollinated crop species like wheat, barley, tomato, etc., enabling the production of high yielding hybrids. Thus it is crucial to study the effect of heterosis on important crop species, where pure lines are still the dominant type of cultivars. However, attention must be given to avoid side effects noticed after applying CMS procedure in hybrid breeding. New sources of CMS and restoration genes have to be discovered to ensure the conservation and broadening of the genetic background for crop plants. Furthermore, the latest achievements of molecular techniques could be proved beneficial in hybrid breeding. This new Special Issue aims to provide all current and future prospects regarding the safe and effective application of hybrid breeding for the benefit of farmers, consumers, and seed companies.

Dr. Ioannis Ν. Xynias
Dr. Athanasios G. Mavromatis
Dr. Ioannis Mylonas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heterosis
  • combining ability
  • cytoplasmic male sterility
  • restoration genes
  • food safety

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 1382 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Re-Heterosis for Yield and Fruit Quality in Restructured Hybrids, Generated from Crossings among Tomato Recombinant Lines
by Ilias D. Avdikos, Georgia-Maria Nteve, Athanasia Apostolopoulou, Rafail Tagiakas, Ioannis Mylonas, Ioannis N. Xynias, Fokion Papathanasiou, Panagiotis Kalaitzis and Athanasios G. Mavromatis
Agronomy 2021, 11(5), 822; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050822 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2721
Abstract
Randomized complete block design was used, with three replications. Heterosis for yield and fruit quality characteristics was studied, and expressed as Relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and Standard heterosis. It would be expected, according to the dominance model, that the heterosis recorded after crossing the [...] Read more.
Randomized complete block design was used, with three replications. Heterosis for yield and fruit quality characteristics was studied, and expressed as Relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and Standard heterosis. It would be expected, according to the dominance model, that the heterosis recorded after crossing the recombinant lines, having only a small portion of recessive deleterious alleles, would be minimal. The results showed that the elite recombinant inbred lines became the parents of elite restructured hybrids, with increased levels of re-heterosis for all characters measured. This may prove that dominance is not the only case in explaining heterosis in tomato for yield components and fruit quality characteristics. Several recombinant lines, and most of the new reconstructed F1 hybrids, showed excellent productivity under a low input farming system. The evaluation and selection of the different types of cultivars (recombinant pure lines or reconstructed hybrids) under low input conditions could point towards the most suitable/ideal genotype for organic cultivation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Breeding: Future Status and Future Prospects)
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11 pages, 1644 KiB  
Article
Spatial Proximity of ‘Ataulfo’ to ‘Haden’ Cultivar Increases Mango Yield and Decreases Incidence of Nubbins
by Rodrigo Lucas-García, Víctor Rosas-Guerrero, Lorena Alemán-Figueroa, R. Carlos Almazán-Núñez, Juan Violante-González and José Gabriel Kuk-Dzul
Agronomy 2021, 11(3), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030450 - 28 Feb 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2759
Abstract
Mexico is the leading exporter of mangos worldwide, and ‘Ataulfo’ is one of the most popular cultivars. However, their production has dramatically dropped in recent years due to the high incidence of nubbins. One of the possible causes is the presence of a [...] Read more.
Mexico is the leading exporter of mangos worldwide, and ‘Ataulfo’ is one of the most popular cultivars. However, their production has dramatically dropped in recent years due to the high incidence of nubbins. One of the possible causes is the presence of a delayed self-incompatibility found in this cultivar; thus, proximity to compatible cultivars may help to reduce this incidence. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies that have rigorously tested this hypothesis in this cultivar. For two consecutive years, the present study evaluated the incidence of nubbins, as well as the quality and quantity of commercial fruits of ‘Ataulfo’ trees located at 10, 30, and 50 m away from ‘Haden’ cultivar. Additionally, the yield and economic income of different planting designs were estimated. During both sampling periods, our results clearly indicated that at 10 m away from ‘Haden’ individuals, ‘Ataulfo’ trees presented a lower incidence of nubbins and higher production of commercial fruits, and higher yield and total income per hectare than at 30 or 50 m away from them. These results indicate that planting designs of ‘Ataulfo’ trees located 10 m away from ‘Haden’ will help to satisfy the increasing demand for mangos of this cultivar in the international market. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Breeding: Future Status and Future Prospects)
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31 pages, 5887 KiB  
Article
Stacking Resistance Genes in Multiparental Interspecific Potato Hybrids to Anticipate Late Blight Outbreaks
by Elena V. Rogozina, Mariya P. Beketova, Oksana A. Muratova, Mariya A. Kuznetsova and Emil E. Khavkin
Agronomy 2021, 11(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010115 - 08 Jan 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3871
Abstract
Stacking (pyramiding) several resistance genes of diverse race specificity in one and the same plant by hybridization provides for high and durable resistance to major diseases, such as potato late blight (LB), especially when breeders combine highly efficient genes for broad-spectrum resistance that [...] Read more.
Stacking (pyramiding) several resistance genes of diverse race specificity in one and the same plant by hybridization provides for high and durable resistance to major diseases, such as potato late blight (LB), especially when breeders combine highly efficient genes for broad-spectrum resistance that are novel to the intruding pathogens. Our collection of potato hybrids manifesting long-lasting LB resistance comprises, as a whole, the germplasm of 26 or 22 Solanum species (as treated by Bukasov and Hawkes, respectively), with up to 8–9 species listed in the pedigree of an individual hybrid. This collection was screened with the markers of ten genes for race-specific resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Rpi genes) initially identified in S. demissum (R1, R2, R3a, R3b, and R8), S. bulbocastanum/S. stoloniferum (Rpi-blb1/ Rpi-sto1, Rpi-blb2, Rpi-blb3) and S. venturii (Rpi-vnt1). The hybrids comprised the markers for up to four-six Rpi genes per plant, and the number of markers was significantly related to LB resistance. Nevertheless, a considerable portion of resistance apparently depended on presently insufficiently characterized resistance genes. Bred from these multiparental hybrids, the advanced lines with the stacks of broad-specificity Rpi genes will help anticipate LB outbreaks caused by rapid pathogen evolution and the arrival of new pathogen strains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Breeding: Future Status and Future Prospects)
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11 pages, 838 KiB  
Article
Developing Heterotic Groups for Successful Hybrid Breeding in Perennial Ryegrass
by Maximilian Vogt, Steven Yates, Timothy Sykes, Wilbert Luesink, Michael Koch and Bruno Studer
Agronomy 2020, 10(9), 1410; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091410 - 17 Sep 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3468
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), an important forage grass species in temperate regions, is genetically improved by population breeding. Although valued for their broad genetic base, the resulting synthetic varieties only partially exploit heterosis. Hybrid breeding offers opportunities to fix beneficial heterotic [...] Read more.
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), an important forage grass species in temperate regions, is genetically improved by population breeding. Although valued for their broad genetic base, the resulting synthetic varieties only partially exploit heterosis. Hybrid breeding offers opportunities to fix beneficial heterotic patterns more effectively and, hence, to increase the yield potential. A suspected bottleneck in the production of perennial ryegrass hybrids is the genetic intermixture of existing germplasm, impeding the definition of heterotic groups. In this study, selected parental populations of a diploid and tetraploid cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-based hybrid breeding program were characterized using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Hybrid populations, derived from 26 parental combinations of the tetraploid breeding program, were tested for yield performance and compared to synthetic varieties at five sites over four growing seasons. The hybrids significantly outperformed the synthetics by 4.15% on average for total dry matter yield. Additionally, GBS revealed the existence of sub-populations within the tetraploid CMS germplasm. This sub-population structure represents the untapped potential that could be exploited for heterosis to further increase biomass yields. Here, we show that CMS hybrids generate substantial yield gains in perennial ryegrass and provide a method to further improve hybrid breeding, using GBS to select for heterotic groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Breeding: Future Status and Future Prospects)
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Review

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17 pages, 371 KiB  
Review
The Pros and Cons of Rye Chromatin Introgression into Wheat Genome
by Kinga Moskal, Sylwia Kowalik, Wiesław Podyma, Bogusław Łapiński and Maja Boczkowska
Agronomy 2021, 11(3), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030456 - 01 Mar 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2961
Abstract
Rye is one of the most commonly used sources of elite genes in wheat improvement programs. Due to the high collinearity of the genomes of both cereal species, it is possible to obtain interspecific chromosomal translocations and substitution lines. Rye chromatin is used [...] Read more.
Rye is one of the most commonly used sources of elite genes in wheat improvement programs. Due to the high collinearity of the genomes of both cereal species, it is possible to obtain interspecific chromosomal translocations and substitution lines. Rye chromatin is used to transfer numerous genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses into the wheat genome. Introgression has also resulted in improved agronomic traits. However, despite the numerous advantages, the transfer of large fragments or whole chromosomes has been quite often accompanied by a decrease in end-use quality. This paper presents an overview of the benefits and drawbacks of using rye as a source of variability in wheat breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Breeding: Future Status and Future Prospects)
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