Mechanisms and Effects of Biochar in Regulating the Soil Nitrogen Cycle

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Farming Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2026 | Viewed by 733

Special Issue Editors

Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Amelioration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Interests: soil amelioration; biochar technology; soil N loss control

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Guest Editor
National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Interests: biochar; soil organic carbon; greenhouse gases; carbon sequestration

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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Amelioration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Interests: biochar-based products; soil structure improvement; soil remediation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth, and N fertilizer greatly contributes to world food production. However, excessive or inefficient fertilizer use has led to low N utilization, low efficiency, and increased environmental pollution. Biochar has emerged as a promising soil amendment for regulating N cycling and mitigating N losses in agricultural systems. Nevertheless, the effects of biochar on soil N transformation are highly context-dependent, varying with factors such as soil type, cropping systems, and tillage practices due to the complexity of environmental interactions.

Therefore, we initiated a Special Issue in Agronomy entitled 'Mechanisms and Effects of Biochar in Regulating the Soil Nitrogen Cycle'. This research topic aims to advance our understanding of biochar-mediated N cycling processes and will focus on the following:

  1. Investigating how biochar alters soil nitrogen processes and elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Submissions addressing experimental and monitoring methods to quantify these processes, including microbial drivers, are also welcome.
  2. Exploring strategies to enhance soil nitrogen fertility and fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency through biochar application.
  3. Assessing the long-term agroecological impacts of biochar, including benefits for nutrient retention and greenhouse gas mitigation, to better understand its contribution to sustainable agriculture.

This Special Issue invites high-quality contributions, including original research articles, reviews, and short communications. We particularly encourage field-based studies to bridge the gap between scientific discovery and practical agricultural applications.

Dr. Zunqi Liu
Dr. Xu Yang
Prof. Dr. Yu Lan
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • biochar
  • soil tillage
  • soil N transformation
  • greenhouse gas emissions
  • soil enzyme activity
  • fertilizer N

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 2691 KB  
Article
Pig Manure and Biochar Reduce Nitrogen Availability and Rice Yield Compared to Mineral Fertilization in a Three-Year Field Experiment
by Juying Liu, Meiqi Zhang, Mingxia Pan, Hechong Yuan, Siwen Sun, Qiang Sun, Tianyi He, Jun Meng, Zunqi Liu and Wenfu Chen
Agronomy 2025, 15(9), 2242; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15092242 - 22 Sep 2025
Viewed by 361
Abstract
Substituting chemical fertilizers with organic alternatives represents an effective strategy for mitigating soil nitrogen (N) loss and reducing chemical fertilizer use. However, the efficacy of organic substitution in regulating soil N fertility and rice growth requires further investigation, and mechanistic studies elucidating how [...] Read more.
Substituting chemical fertilizers with organic alternatives represents an effective strategy for mitigating soil nitrogen (N) loss and reducing chemical fertilizer use. However, the efficacy of organic substitution in regulating soil N fertility and rice growth requires further investigation, and mechanistic studies elucidating how organic fertilizers affect soil N transformation processes and availability are still deficient. To address this, we conducted a three-year field experiment from 2021 to 2023, comparing three rice fertilization regimes: (1) chemical fertilizer as the control (CK), (2) substitution with organic fertilizer (OF), and (3) substitution with biochar-based organic fertilizer (BF). Both organic substitution treatments were applied as basal fertilizer, and the rice plants received equivalent topdressing applications. The soil N availability, gross and net N transformation rates, and soil microbial activity were analyzed, and the rice growth index and yield were determined. The results showed that organic substitution (OF and BF) significantly increased the soil total carbon content, stimulated microbial biomass growth and enhanced enzymatic activity associated with soil C and N cycling. However, the limited N input from organic substitution significantly decreased the soil gross N mineralization rate by 28.30% (OF) and 58.14% (BF), compared to chemical fertilization (CK). It also reduced the gross N nitrification rate by 38.30% (OF) and 36.17% (BF). These suppressed N transformation processes ultimately led to 11.97% (OF) and 14.72% (BF) lower soil mineral N contents. The soil N deficiency during critical early vegetative growth stages substantially constrained rice development, resulting in significant yield reductions in the OF and BF treatments compared to chemical fertilization (CK). These results indicate that complete organic substitution compromises rice yields due to insufficient N availability; therefore, we recommend integrated organic–mineral fertilization as an optimal strategy to achieve both crop productivity and environmental benefits. Full article
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