Solar Energy Integration into Controlled-Environment Agriculture

A special issue of AgriEngineering (ISSN 2624-7402).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 March 2027 | Viewed by 242

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
Interests: solar energy applications in agricultural sector particularly; solar energy application in agricultural greenhouses (agro-photovoltaics; solar cooling; solar heating; and solar drying); agricultural bio-environment and energy engineering; environmental control in greenhouses (natural and mechanical ventilation; cooling and heating systems)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global climate change and increasing water, energy, and food security challenges have intensified the demand for sustainable agricultural production systems. Controlled-environment agriculture using greenhouses enables precise regulation of temperature, humidity, light, and air composition, allowing year-round crop production with significantly higher yields than open-field cultivation. However, energy consumption in commercial greenhouses can account for 15–40% of total production costs, largely due to heating and cooling requirements.

Solar energy offers a clean, renewable, and widely available alternative, particularly for greenhouses located in remote or off-grid regions. Integrating solar energy technologies into agricultural land and greenhouse environmental control systems for heating, cooling, lighting, and irrigation presents a promising approach for reducing energy and water consumption while enhancing the economic and environmental sustainability of greenhouse agriculture.

Contributions could include, but are not limited to, the following themes:

  • Greenhouse-integrated photovoltaic (PVG) and photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) systems play a crucial role in supplying electrical and thermal energy for greenhouse environmental control systems.
  • The integration of different types of photovoltaic (PV) systems into agricultural land (Agri-voltaic) represents a promising approach for simultaneous food and energy production.
  • Greenhouse-integrated solar thermal technologies, including flat-plate collectors (FPCs), evacuated tube collectors (ETCs), and solar concentrators, require further investigation, as greenhouse heating demands cannot be fully met by conventional solar collectors alone. Enhancing the thermal performance of these systems through increased collector surface area or absorptance.
  • The integration of solar collectors with heat pumps of various typologies and thermal energy storage using various phase change materials (PCMs) are essential.
  • Under moderate climatic conditions, solar thermal collectors can be considered promising alternatives capable of supplying a substantial portion of the heating demand in agricultural greenhouses.

Prof. Dr. Reda Hassanien Emam Hassanien
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • photovoltaic-greenhouses (PVG)
  • agri-voltaic
  • PVT-greenhouses
  • energy consumption
  • water saving

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 2610 KB  
Article
Spectral Selectivity and Microclimatic Buffering of Semi-Transparent Photovoltaics in Greenhouses: A Comparative Analysis of CdTe and a-Si Technologies for Agrivoltaic Applications
by Alejandro Cruz-Escabias, Jesús Montes-Romero, João Gabriel Bessa, Pedro J. Pérez-Higueras, Eduardo F. Fernández and Florencia Almonacid
AgriEngineering 2026, 8(5), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering8050190 - 12 May 2026
Abstract
Integrating semi-transparent photovoltaics (STPVs) into greenhouses offers a dual-use solution for land efficiency, although matching electricity generation with crop spectral needs remains a challenge. To address this, this study assesses the optical and microclimatic impact of Cadmium Telluride (CdTe, 50% transparency) and amorphous [...] Read more.
Integrating semi-transparent photovoltaics (STPVs) into greenhouses offers a dual-use solution for land efficiency, although matching electricity generation with crop spectral needs remains a challenge. To address this, this study assesses the optical and microclimatic impact of Cadmium Telluride (CdTe, 50% transparency) and amorphous Silicon (a-Si, 20%) technologies compared to a conventional control in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate. Spectral analysis revealed that CdTe aligned with chlorophyll absorption peaks, preserving a transparency window that yielded a 66% relative gain in biologically useful radiation over the blue-blocking a-Si. Furthermore, while both technologies significantly reduced Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), this shading served as a protective filter against supra-optimal irradiance, stabilizing the internal microclimate. In the control prototype, extreme vapour pressure deficits (VPDs approaching 9.0 kPa) drove maximum reference evapotranspiration (ET0) above 4.6 mm/day. In contrast, the STPV systems effectively capped ET0 at approximately 3.09 mm/day (CdTe) and 1.64 mm/day (a-Si) through their radiative attenuation, despite internal VPDs still reaching 6.5–7.0 kPa during peak summer. This decoupling resulted in drastic average ET0 reductions of 31.4% and 61.3%, respectively, while mitigating soil overheating by up to 17.8%. These findings demonstrate that specific STPV technologies transcend mere shading to function as passive climate resilience tools, naturally enforcing water conservation and physically disarming atmospheric aridity in high-radiation environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solar Energy Integration into Controlled-Environment Agriculture)
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