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Actuators
Special Issues
New Design and Applications for Magnetoelastic Actuators
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New Design and Applications for Magnetoelastic Actuators

A special issue of Actuators (ISSN 2076-0825).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 22262

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Carmine Stefano Clemente

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
Interests: characterization and modeling of smart materials and devices; magnetostriction; energy harvesting, magnetic sensors and actuators
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Daniele Davino

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
Interests: electromagnetism; smart materials and devices; magnetostriction; smart composites; energy harvesting; hysteresis modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Actuators based on smart materials represent an important and wide research area. Indeed, they are capable of “connecting” different physics by expanding the horizons of technology and industry.

Among the smart materials applications, magnetostrictive actuators play an important role. Their applications are potentially wider than those of traditional actuators because of the higher energy density and intrinsic robustness. Indeed, they hardly suffer from wear over time.

Magnetoelastic actuators are used for micropositioning, motors, active vibration control, fuel injectors, micropumps, acoustic applications, etc. Their capability to be miniaturized and to show strong mechanical properties allows them to potentially be used in several high-tech areas, such as:

  • biomedical,
  • MEMS,
  • automotive,
  • precision mechanics,
  • precision surgery,
  • aerospace,
  • nondestructive testing (NDE) for SHM of infrastructure or buildings,
  • self-sensing.

Such components are suitably designed and realized through a careful analysis on physical ground, taking into account the material’s characteristics, hysteresis, nonlinear behaviors, and the coupled phenomena taking place in the modeled system (i.e., electromagnetic coupled to thermal or mechanical phenomena, etc.). Moreover, to improve the spread of such applications in the industrial field, hardware and software control chains are still under investigation and being tested.

Furthermore, in recent years, the magnetoelectric effect, obtained by coupling magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials, has started to be exploited for actuation. Indeed, such kinds of composite devices attempt to “drain” the advantages of both piezo- and magnetostrictive material and then obtain better overall performances.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews on the properties, modeling, design, optimizations, and characterizations about magnetostrictive and magnetoelectric actuation are all welcome.

Dr. Carmine Stefano Clemente
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Daniele Davino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Actuators is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • actuation
  • smart materials
  • magnetostriction
  • magnetoelectrics
  • multiphysics modeling
  • composite materials
  • multiferroic
  • self-sensing

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 10633 KiB  
Article
Guided Wave Transducer for the Locating Defect of the Steel Pipe Based on the Weidemann Effect
by Jin Xu, Guang Chen, Jiang Xu and Qing Zhang
Actuators 2021, 10(12), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/act10120333 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2374
Abstract
The electromagnetic guided wave transducer has been widely used in pipeline detection in recent years due to its non-contact energy conversion characteristics. Based on the Weidemann effect, an electromagnetic guided wave transducer that can realize the locating defect of the steel pipe was [...] Read more.
The electromagnetic guided wave transducer has been widely used in pipeline detection in recent years due to its non-contact energy conversion characteristics. Based on the Weidemann effect, an electromagnetic guided wave transducer that can realize the locating defect of the steel pipe was provided. Firstly, the principle of the transducer was analyzed based on the Weidemann effect. The basic structure of the transducer and the basic functions of each part were given. Secondly, the key structural parameters of the transducer were studied. Based on the size of the magnets and the coils, a protype electromagnetic guided wave transducer based on Wiedemann effect was developed. Finally, the experiments were carried out on the steel pipe with a defect using the developed transducer. The results show that the transducer can actuate and receive the T(0,1) and T(1,1) modes in the steel pipe. The axial positioning of the defect is located by moving the transducer axially. The circumferential positioning of the defect is located by rotating the transducer. Additionally, missed detection can be effectively avoided by rotating the transducer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Design and Applications for Magnetoelastic Actuators)
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20 pages, 16872 KiB  
Article
Towards Fabrication of Planar Magnetoelectric Devices: Coil-Free Excitation of Ferromagnet-Piezoelectric Heterostructures
by Dmitri Burdin, Dmitri Chashin, Leonid Fetisov, Dmitri Saveliev, Nikolai Ekonomov, Melvin Vopson and Yuri Fetisov
Actuators 2021, 10(11), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/act10110294 - 4 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2071
Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) effects in composite ferromagnet-piezoelectric (FM/PE) heterostructures realize the mutual transformation of alternating magnetic and electric fields, and are used to create magnetic field sensors, actuators, inductors, gyrators, and transformers. The ME effect in composite structures is excited by an alternating magnetic [...] Read more.
Magnetoelectric (ME) effects in composite ferromagnet-piezoelectric (FM/PE) heterostructures realize the mutual transformation of alternating magnetic and electric fields, and are used to create magnetic field sensors, actuators, inductors, gyrators, and transformers. The ME effect in composite structures is excited by an alternating magnetic field, which is created using volumetric electromagnetic coils. The coil increases the size, limits the operating frequencies, and complicates the manufacture of devices. In this work, we propose to excite the ME effect in composite heterostructures using a new coil-free excitation system, similar to a “magnetic capacitor”. The system consists of parallel electrodes integrated into the heterostructure, through which an alternating current flows. Modeling and measurements have shown that the excitation magnetic field is localized mainly between the electrodes of the magnetic capacitor and has a fairly uniform spatial distribution. Monolithic FM/PE heterostructures of various designs with FM layers of amorphous Metglas alloy or nickel-zinc ferrite and PE layers of lead zirconate titanate piezoceramic were fabricated and investigated. The magnitude of the ME effect in such structures is comparable to the magnitude of the ME effect in structures excited by volumetric coils. However, the low impedance of the coil-free excitation system makes it possible to increase the operating frequency, reducing the size of ME devices and the power consumption. The use of coil-free excitation opens up the possibility of creating planar ME devices, and accelerates their integration into modern electronics and microsystem technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Design and Applications for Magnetoelastic Actuators)
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23 pages, 10074 KiB  
Article
New Type of Linear Magnetostrictive Motor Designed for Outer Space Applications, from Concept to End-Product
by Lucian Pîslaru-Dănescu, Alexandru-Mihail Morega, Rareş-Andrei Chihaia, Ionel Popescu, Mihaela Morega, Lică Flore, Marius Popa and Eros-Alexandru Pătroi
Actuators 2021, 10(10), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/act10100266 - 14 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2283
Abstract
The use of the linear magnetostrictive motor (LMM) in outer space, in the absence of Earth’s gravitational field and where extreme temperatures manifest, involves innovative technical solutions that result in significant construction changes. This paper highlights these constructive changes and presents the mathematical [...] Read more.
The use of the linear magnetostrictive motor (LMM) in outer space, in the absence of Earth’s gravitational field and where extreme temperatures manifest, involves innovative technical solutions that result in significant construction changes. This paper highlights these constructive changes and presents the mathematical modeling followed by the numerical simulation of different operating regimes of LMM. The novelty of the design resides in using a bias coil instead, in addition to permanent magnets, to magnetize the magnetostrictive core and pulse width modulated (PWM) power sources to control the two coils of the LMM (bias and activation). The total absorbed current is less than 2 A, which results in the reduction of Joule losses. Moreover, a PWM source is provided to power and control a set of three Peltier elements aimed at cooling the device. The experiments validate the design of the LMM, which elicits it to power and control devices that may modulate fuel injection for rocket engines or for machines used to adjust positioning on circumterrestrial orbits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Design and Applications for Magnetoelastic Actuators)
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11 pages, 1566 KiB  
Communication
Proof of Principle of a Fuel Injector Based on a Magnetostrictive Actuator
by Luigi Allocca, Daniele Davino, Alessandro Montanaro and Ciro Visone
Actuators 2021, 10(9), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/act10090237 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3133
Abstract
One of the goals of modern internal combustion engines is the NOx-soot trade-off, and this would be better achieved by a better control of the fuel injection. Moreover, this feature can be also useful for high-performance hydraulic systems. Actual fuel injection [...] Read more.
One of the goals of modern internal combustion engines is the NOx-soot trade-off, and this would be better achieved by a better control of the fuel injection. Moreover, this feature can be also useful for high-performance hydraulic systems. Actual fuel injection technology either allows only the control of the injection time or it is based on very complex mechanical-hydraulic systems, as in the case of piezo-actuators. This work describes the basic steps that brought the authors to the realization of a concept fuel injector based on a Terfenol-D magnetostrictive actuator that could overcome the previous issues, being both simple and controllable. The study provides the design, development, and a feasibility analysis of a magnetostrictive actuator for fuel injection, by providing a basic magneto-static analysis of the actuator, the adaptation of a suitable standard fuel injector, and its experimental testing in a lab environment, with different shapes and amplitude of the reference signal to follow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Design and Applications for Magnetoelastic Actuators)
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15 pages, 1042 KiB  
Article
Optimized Voltage-Induced Control of Magnetic Domain-Wall Propagation in Hybrid Piezoelectric/Magnetostrictive Devices
by Giancarlo Consolo and Giovanna Valenti
Actuators 2021, 10(6), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/act10060134 - 17 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2202
Abstract
A theory of voltage-induced control of magnetic domain walls propagating along the major axis of a magnetostrictive nanostrip, tightly coupled with a ceramic piezoelectric, is developed in the framework of the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. It is assumed that the strains undergone by the piezoelectric [...] Read more.
A theory of voltage-induced control of magnetic domain walls propagating along the major axis of a magnetostrictive nanostrip, tightly coupled with a ceramic piezoelectric, is developed in the framework of the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. It is assumed that the strains undergone by the piezoelectric actuator, subject to an electric field generated by a dc bias voltage applied through a couple of lateral electrodes, are fully transferred to the magnetostrictive layer. Taking into account these piezo-induced strains and considering a magnetostrictive linear elastic material belonging to the cubic crystal class, the magnetoelastic field is analytically determined. Therefore, by using the classical traveling-wave formalism, the explicit expressions of the most important features characterizing the two dynamical regimes of domain-wall propagation have been deduced, and their dependence on the electric field strength has been highlighted. Moreover, some strategies to optimize such a voltage-induced control, based on the choice of the ceramic piezoelectric material and the orientation of dielectric poling and electric field with respect to the reference axes, have been proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Design and Applications for Magnetoelastic Actuators)
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14 pages, 3817 KiB  
Communication
Torque Measurement Technology by Using a Magnetostrictive Ring and Multiple Magnets
by Feng Xu, Vivek Kumar Dhimole and Chongdu Cho
Actuators 2021, 10(6), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/act10060124 - 7 Jun 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4116
Abstract
A torque measurement method that combines the inverse magnetostrictive effect with twist angle measurement has been proposed in this paper. A Kalman filter and complementary filter are applied to significantly reduce the noises and errors in the proposed method. This new measurement block [...] Read more.
A torque measurement method that combines the inverse magnetostrictive effect with twist angle measurement has been proposed in this paper. A Kalman filter and complementary filter are applied to significantly reduce the noises and errors in the proposed method. This new measurement block can detect the applied torque with an error of less than 1%. The proposed measurement method can be used in static and dynamic conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Design and Applications for Magnetoelastic Actuators)
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13 pages, 3761 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Modeling and Control of Antagonistic Variable Stiffness Joint Actuator
by Ming Zhang, Pengfei Ma, Feng Sun, Xingwei Sun, Fangchao Xu, Junjie Jin and Lijin Fang
Actuators 2021, 10(6), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/act10060116 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3547
Abstract
This study aims to develop a novel decoupling method for the independent control of the position and stiffness of a variable stiffness joint actuator (VSJA), which has been proven to be able to vary its stiffness in a larger range than other variable [...] Read more.
This study aims to develop a novel decoupling method for the independent control of the position and stiffness of a variable stiffness joint actuator (VSJA), which has been proven to be able to vary its stiffness in a larger range than other variable stiffness actuators. Using static analysis and the Jacobian matrix, we obtained the model of the stiffness of the robot joint actuator and dynamics. Based on the hybrid dynamic model of position and stiffness, it is possible to compensate for the torque of the variable stiffness joint actuator (VSJA) to enhance position control. Finally, after describing the actuator prototype, the established compliance control method is verified using simulation and experimental analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Design and Applications for Magnetoelastic Actuators)
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