Nucleolar and Ribosomal DNA Structure under Stress: Yeast Lessons for Aging and Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Nucleolus as a Marker of Cancer and Aging in Metazoans
3. The Structure of the Nucleolus and the rDNA in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Morphological Changes of the Yeast Nucleolus during the Cell Cycle
4. Key Facts about Yeast rDNA Transcription and Ribosome Production
5. TORC1, Stress and the Size of the Nucleolus
TORC1, Condensin, Epigenetics and the rDNA Chromatin Compaction
6. Nucleolar Stress Remodelling and p53 Stabilization in Cancer
7. Future Perspectives in Nucleolar Stress and Health: From Yeast to Humans
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nucleolar and rDNA Features | |
---|---|
Yeast | Humans |
Nucleolus and nucleus are not disassembled in mitosis | Nucleolus is disassembled in mitosis along with the nucleus |
Bipartite composition | Tripartite composition |
Absence of a perinucleolar domain | Presence of a perinucleolar domain |
All rRNA genes together | 5S and 45S genes in different genome loci |
The rDNA in a single array at chromosome XII right arm | The rDNA 45S array in the five acrocentric chromosomes (13, 14, 15, 21, 22); 5S in chromosome 1 |
100–200 copies (haploid) of a 9.1 Kb unit | 300–400 copies (haploid) of the 43 Kb unit (45S) |
The rDNA is attached to the nuclear envelope | The rDNA is not always attached to the nuclear envelope |
Presence of a cryptic RNApol II promoter at the rDNA | Absence of a cryptic RNApol II promoter at the rDNA |
Silencing complexes: RENT (Net1, Sir2, Cdc14); Tof2-Lrs4/Csm1 | Silencing complexes NoRC (TIP5, SNF2h); eNoSC (SIRT1, NML, SUV39H1) |
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Matos-Perdomo, E.; Machín, F. Nucleolar and Ribosomal DNA Structure under Stress: Yeast Lessons for Aging and Cancer. Cells 2019, 8, 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080779
Matos-Perdomo E, Machín F. Nucleolar and Ribosomal DNA Structure under Stress: Yeast Lessons for Aging and Cancer. Cells. 2019; 8(8):779. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080779
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatos-Perdomo, Emiliano, and Félix Machín. 2019. "Nucleolar and Ribosomal DNA Structure under Stress: Yeast Lessons for Aging and Cancer" Cells 8, no. 8: 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080779