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Anatomia, Volume 4, Issue 2 (June 2025) – 2 articles

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10 pages, 1527 KiB  
Article
A Cadaveric Study of the Hypoglossal Nerve Landmarks: What Does ChatGPT Know and Suggest?
by Elio Kmeid, Martin Hitier, Edmond Jalkh and Marion Perreard
Anatomia 2025, 4(2), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/anatomia4020006 - 21 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The hypoglossal nerve plays a crucial role in cervical surgery, requiring precise anatomical knowledge to prevent iatrogenic injury. This study examined its position relative to key structures using cadaveric dissections and assessed ChatGPT-4’s reliability in providing anatomical insights. Methods: Ten [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The hypoglossal nerve plays a crucial role in cervical surgery, requiring precise anatomical knowledge to prevent iatrogenic injury. This study examined its position relative to key structures using cadaveric dissections and assessed ChatGPT-4’s reliability in providing anatomical insights. Methods: Ten cadavers were dissected to identify the hypoglossal nerve’s course in relation to the internal jugular vein, carotid arteries, thyro-linguo-facial trunk, hyoid bone, and digastric muscle. Measurements were taken, and ChatGPT was queried for anatomical guidance and surgical recommendations. Results: The hypoglossal nerve was consistently medial to the internal jugular vein and lateral to the carotid arteries. The measured distances to the surrounding structures showed notable variability, particularly with the thyro-linguo-facial trunk. ChatGPT accurately described major landmarks but overlooked lesser-known anatomical triangles and provided no additional dissection guidance. It primarily suggested intraoperative monitoring and preoperative imaging. Conclusions: The carotid and submandibular triangles serve as reliable landmarks for identifying the hypoglossal nerve. This study highlights an unreported variability in its relationship with the thyro-linguo-facial trunk. ChatGPT, while informative, lacked detailed surgical applicability for dissection. Full article
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Posture Analysis in the Sagittal Plane—Practical Guidelines with Reference Values
by Oliver Ludwig
Anatomia 2025, 4(2), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/anatomia4020005 - 1 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Background: The alignment of a person’s body segments depends on their innate anatomy and neuromuscular status. Sagittal posture assessments provide valuable information on correctable deficits, which can be used to prevent possible health issues or injuries. Methods: This article provides practical guidance on [...] Read more.
Background: The alignment of a person’s body segments depends on their innate anatomy and neuromuscular status. Sagittal posture assessments provide valuable information on correctable deficits, which can be used to prevent possible health issues or injuries. Methods: This article provides practical guidance on how to perform a basic photometric sagittal posture analysis in a reproducible manner, which reference points should be used, and which errors should be avoided. For this purpose, based on the current literature, four important evidence-based parameters for evaluation are defined, and literature-based reference values are given for the assessment of posture. Conclusions: When done correctly, the sagittal posture analysis is a valuable tool in the fields of medicine and sports. Full article
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