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Encyclopedia, Volume 3, Issue 4

December 2023 - 26 articles

Cover Story: Since the 19th century, urban planning has largely been guided by ambitions to improve the population’s well-being and living conditions. Parks and green areas have played a significant role in this work. However, the confidence in the function of green areas, and thus the motives for creating urban parks and green open spaces, have shifted over the years, which has affected both the planning and design of green areas. This entry describes three overarching paradigm shifts in urban planning from the end of the 18th century to today, and the focus is on the major paradigm shift that is underway: how green areas can mitigate climate effects, increase biodiversity, and at the same time support people’s health and living conditions in a smart city. View this paper
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Articles (26)

  • Entry
  • Open Access
6 Citations
7,079 Views
18 Pages

Safeguarding Traditional Crafts in Europe

  • Nikolaos Partarakis and
  • Xenophon Zabulis

5 October 2023

This entry discusses the challenge of safeguarding crafts in Europe. Safeguarding is defined herein as the systematic process of understanding, representing, preserving, and valorizing crafts following the recommendations of UNESCO and the UN-World T...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
100 Citations
54,899 Views
21 Pages

Gamification in Education

  • Athanasios Christopoulos and
  • Stylianos Mystakidis

2 October 2023

Gamification, or gameful design, refers to the strategic application of game design principles, mechanics, and elements into non-game environments. It is often facilitated using digital platforms, aiming to solve problems, increase engagement, and mo...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
1 Citations
6,303 Views
15 Pages

30 September 2023

While the definition of resilience is disputed or even fuzzy, due in no small part to the diversity of its applications, the concept generally involves the ability to withstand and bounce back from shocks; vulnerability as a related concept involves...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,992 Views
10 Pages

Intraocular Pressure during Spaceflight and Risk of Glaucomatous Damage in Prolonged Microgravity

  • Mouayad Masalkhi,
  • Joshua Ong,
  • Ethan Waisberg,
  • John Berdahl and
  • Andrew G. Lee

28 September 2023

Microgravity introduces diverse pathological and various physiological changes to the human body, including intraocular pressure. Astronauts may develop a constellation of symptoms and signs including optic disc edema, choroidal folds, and a hyperopi...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,800 Views
9 Pages

26 September 2023

Socio-emotional intelligence is the capacity to consider emotions, intuition, and cognition to identify, manage and express emotions and to respond to social situations with authenticity, openness and fairness. By doing so, individuals will achieve a...

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Encyclopedia - ISSN 2673-8392