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Volume 11
Issue 12
10.3390/gels11120973
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Advanced PMSSO Hydrogel Cross-Linked Cyclodextrin Composite Carrier for Enhanced Oral Delivery of Iron to Treat Anemia

by
Polina Orlova
1,
Sergei Sharikov
1,
Vsevolod Frolov
1,
Alexey Doroshenko
1,
Ivan Meshkov
2,
Anna Skuredina
1,
Grigorii Lakienko
1,
Egor Latipov
3,
Alexandra Kalinina
2,
Aziz Muzafarov
2 and
Irina Le-Deygen
1,*
1
Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
2
Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), 117393 Moscow, Russia
3
Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics, Russian Academy of Sciences (INME RAS), 115487 Moscow, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Gels 2025, 11(12), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11120973 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 October 2025 / Revised: 23 November 2025 / Accepted: 1 December 2025 / Published: 2 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery (2nd Edition))
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Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia continues to pose a significant global health burden, necessitating the development of improved therapeutic delivery systems. This study investigates novel composite materials composed of organosilicon hydrogels and cross-linked sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBECD) nanoparticles for the oral delivery of iron compounds. Two types of cross-linked SBECD nanoparticles were synthesized using 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. These nanoparticles were characterized by DLS, NTA, and FTIR and possess size around 200–300 nm and negative zeta-potential around −35 mV with molecular weight 150–200 kDa. Various hydrogel matrices, including plain PMSSO hydrogels and modified versions with amino groups or silicate cross-links, are also described. The hydrogels were evaluated for their iron sorption capacity (up to 44% loading efficiency) and release kinetics for 3 hours. The results demonstrate that cross-linked SBECD nanoparticles significantly enhance iron sorption and provide sustained release under simulated physiological conditions. Mathematical modeling indicated that the Higuchi model best describes the iron release kinetics. The findings suggest that the proposed composite materials hold considerable promise for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, offering an innovative approach to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize adverse effects.
Keywords: iron deficiency anemia; organosilicon hydrogels; cyclodextrins; drug delivery iron deficiency anemia; organosilicon hydrogels; cyclodextrins; drug delivery
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MDPI and ACS Style

Orlova, P.; Sharikov, S.; Frolov, V.; Doroshenko, A.; Meshkov, I.; Skuredina, A.; Lakienko, G.; Latipov, E.; Kalinina, A.; Muzafarov, A.; et al. Advanced PMSSO Hydrogel Cross-Linked Cyclodextrin Composite Carrier for Enhanced Oral Delivery of Iron to Treat Anemia. Gels 2025, 11, 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11120973

AMA Style

Orlova P, Sharikov S, Frolov V, Doroshenko A, Meshkov I, Skuredina A, Lakienko G, Latipov E, Kalinina A, Muzafarov A, et al. Advanced PMSSO Hydrogel Cross-Linked Cyclodextrin Composite Carrier for Enhanced Oral Delivery of Iron to Treat Anemia. Gels. 2025; 11(12):973. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11120973

Chicago/Turabian Style

Orlova, Polina, Sergei Sharikov, Vsevolod Frolov, Alexey Doroshenko, Ivan Meshkov, Anna Skuredina, Grigorii Lakienko, Egor Latipov, Alexandra Kalinina, Aziz Muzafarov, and et al. 2025. "Advanced PMSSO Hydrogel Cross-Linked Cyclodextrin Composite Carrier for Enhanced Oral Delivery of Iron to Treat Anemia" Gels 11, no. 12: 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11120973

APA Style

Orlova, P., Sharikov, S., Frolov, V., Doroshenko, A., Meshkov, I., Skuredina, A., Lakienko, G., Latipov, E., Kalinina, A., Muzafarov, A., & Le-Deygen, I. (2025). Advanced PMSSO Hydrogel Cross-Linked Cyclodextrin Composite Carrier for Enhanced Oral Delivery of Iron to Treat Anemia. Gels, 11(12), 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11120973

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