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Article

How Dopamine Influences Survival and Cellular Immune Response of Rhipicephalus microplus Inoculated with Metarhizium anisopliae

by
Thaís Almeida Corrêa
1,
Jéssica Fiorotti
1,
Emily Mesquita
1,
Laura Nóbrega Meirelles
1,
Mariana Guedes Camargo
1,
Caio Junior Balduino Coutinho-Rodrigues
2,
Allan Felipe Marciano
3,
Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt
1,4 and
Patrícia Silva Golo
1,4,*
1
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil
2
Campus Nova Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro 26220-099, Brazil
3
Lallemand Plant Care, Patos de Minas 38706-420, Brazil
4
Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2021, 7(11), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110950
Submission received: 20 October 2021 / Revised: 6 November 2021 / Accepted: 7 November 2021 / Published: 10 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Multifaceted Beauveria bassiana and Other Insect-Related Fungi)
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Abstract

Dopamine (DA) is a biogenic monoamine reported to modulate insect hemocytes. Although the immune functions of DA are known in insects, there is a lack of knowledge of DA’s role in the immune system of ticks. The use of Metarhizium anisopliae has been considered for tick control, driving studies on the immune response of these arthropods challenged with fungi. The present study evaluated the effect of DA on the cellular immune response and survival of Rhipicephalus microplus inoculated with M. anisopliae blastospores. Exogenous DA increased both ticks’ survival 72 h after M. anisopliae inoculation and the number of circulating hemocytes compared to the control group, 24 h after the treatment. The phagocytic index of tick hemocytes challenged with M. anisopliae did not change upon injection of exogenous DA. Phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of ticks injected with DA and the fungus or exclusively with DA was higher than in untreated ticks or ticks inoculated with the fungus alone, 72 h after treatment. DA was detected in the hemocytes of fungus-treated and untreated ticks. Unveiling the cellular immune response in ticks challenged with entomopathogenic fungi is important to improve strategies for the biological control of these ectoparasites.
Keywords: biological control; entomopathogenic fungi; hemocytes; ticks; phagocytic activity; phenoloxidase biological control; entomopathogenic fungi; hemocytes; ticks; phagocytic activity; phenoloxidase

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MDPI and ACS Style

Corrêa, T.A.; Fiorotti, J.; Mesquita, E.; Meirelles, L.N.; Camargo, M.G.; Coutinho-Rodrigues, C.J.B.; Marciano, A.F.; Bittencourt, V.R.E.P.; Golo, P.S. How Dopamine Influences Survival and Cellular Immune Response of Rhipicephalus microplus Inoculated with Metarhizium anisopliae. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110950

AMA Style

Corrêa TA, Fiorotti J, Mesquita E, Meirelles LN, Camargo MG, Coutinho-Rodrigues CJB, Marciano AF, Bittencourt VREP, Golo PS. How Dopamine Influences Survival and Cellular Immune Response of Rhipicephalus microplus Inoculated with Metarhizium anisopliae. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(11):950. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110950

Chicago/Turabian Style

Corrêa, Thaís Almeida, Jéssica Fiorotti, Emily Mesquita, Laura Nóbrega Meirelles, Mariana Guedes Camargo, Caio Junior Balduino Coutinho-Rodrigues, Allan Felipe Marciano, Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt, and Patrícia Silva Golo. 2021. "How Dopamine Influences Survival and Cellular Immune Response of Rhipicephalus microplus Inoculated with Metarhizium anisopliae" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 11: 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110950

APA Style

Corrêa, T. A., Fiorotti, J., Mesquita, E., Meirelles, L. N., Camargo, M. G., Coutinho-Rodrigues, C. J. B., Marciano, A. F., Bittencourt, V. R. E. P., & Golo, P. S. (2021). How Dopamine Influences Survival and Cellular Immune Response of Rhipicephalus microplus Inoculated with Metarhizium anisopliae. Journal of Fungi, 7(11), 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110950

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