A Clinical, Pathological, Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Recent Outbreaks of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Domestic and Wild Small Ruminants in the Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Epidemiological Data, Necropsy and Sampling
2.2. Histopathological Examination
2.3. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR) Based Detection of PPRV
2.4. N Gene and F Gene Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.4.1. Amplification of N Gene and F Gene
2.4.2. Sanger Sequencing
2.4.3. Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Outbreak Investigations
3.2. Clinical and Pathological Findings
3.3. Histopathological Analysis
3.4. Molecular Detection and Characterization of PPRV
3.4.1. Detection of PPRV by N Gene Real-Time PCR
3.4.2. Characterization of PPRV Strains and Determination of its Geographical Lineage
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Batch Number/Farm | Date of Collection | Sample Type | Animal Species | RT-qPCR Positive | GenBank Accessions | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F Gene | N Gene | |||||
1,092,884/Farm 1 | 7 July 2021 | Lung, Oral swab | Goat | 2 | OP324801 | OP324805 |
221,435/Farm 2 | 25 July 2021 | Spleen, Nasal swab, Oral swab, Intestine | Dama Gazelle | 4 | OP324802 | OP324806 |
221,258/Farm 3 | 7 July 2021 | Lung, Oral swab, Lymph node | Goat | 3 | OP324803 | OP324807 |
1,093,756/Farm 4 | 13 September 2021 | Spleen | Goat | 1 | OP324804 | OP324808 |
Farm Number | Date of Outbreak Notification | Animal Species | Total Population | No. of Sheep | No. of Goats | No. of Infected | No. of Deaths | Morbidity Rate | Mortality Rate | Case Fatality Rate | Age of Infected Animals | Vaccination Status of Infected Farm | Introduction of New Unvaccinated Animals |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 7 July 2021 | Sheep and Goats | 343 | 60 | 283 | 30 | 6 | 9% | 1.75% | 20% | <3 Months | Unvaccinated | Yes |
2 | 25 July 2021 | Dama Gazelle | 20 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 4 | 80% | 20.00% | 25% | 1–2 Years | Unvaccinated | No |
3 | 7 July 2021 | Sheep and Goats | 232 | 99 | 133 | 20 | 16 | 9% | 6.90% | 80% | 1 Year | Unvaccinated | Yes |
4 | 13 September 2021 | Sheep and Goats | 207 | 79 | 128 | 10 | 4 | 5% | 1.93% | 40% | >6 Months | Vaccinated (11 February 2021) | No |
Strain | OP324805 | OP324806 | OP324807 | OP324808 | OM867572.1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OP324805/UAE/Abu Dhabi/2021 (1) | 98% | 98% | 97% | 99% | |
OP324806/UAE/Abu Dhabi/2021 (2) | 98% | 98% | 98% | 98% | |
OP324807/UAE/Abu Dhabi/2021 (3) | 98% | 98% | 97% | 98% | |
OP324808/UAE/Abu Dhabi/2021 (4) | 97% | 98% | 97% | 98% | |
OM867572.1/UAE/Dubai/2022 | 99% | 98% | 98% | 98% |
Strain | OP324801 | OP324802 | OP324803 | OP324804 | OM867572.1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OP324801/UAE/Abu Dhabi/2021 (1) | 99% | 100% | 100% | 99% | |
OP324802/UAE/Abu Dhabi/2021 (2) | 99% | 99% | 99% | 98% | |
OP324803/UAE/Abu Dhabi/2021 (3) | 100% | 99% | 100% | 99% | |
OP324804/UAE/Abu Dhabi/2021 (4) | 100% | 99% | 100% | 99% | |
OM867572.1/UAE/Dubai/2022 | 99% | 98% | 99% | 99% |
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Ishag, H.Z.A.; Terab, A.M.A.; Eltahir, Y.M.; El Tigani-Asil, E.T.A.; Khalil, N.A.H.; Gasim, E.F.M.; Yuosf, M.F.; Al Yammahi, S.M.S.; Al Mansoori, A.M.A.; Al Muhairi, S.S.M.; et al. A Clinical, Pathological, Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Recent Outbreaks of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Domestic and Wild Small Ruminants in the Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010056
Ishag HZA, Terab AMA, Eltahir YM, El Tigani-Asil ETA, Khalil NAH, Gasim EFM, Yuosf MF, Al Yammahi SMS, Al Mansoori AMA, Al Muhairi SSM, et al. A Clinical, Pathological, Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Recent Outbreaks of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Domestic and Wild Small Ruminants in the Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(1):56. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010056
Chicago/Turabian StyleIshag, Hassan Zackaria Ali, Abdelnasir Mohammed Adam Terab, Yassir Mohammed Eltahir, El Tigani Ahmed El Tigani-Asil, Nasereldien Altaib Hussein Khalil, Esamt Faisal Malik Gasim, Mohd Farouk Yuosf, Saeed Mohamed Saeed Al Yammahi, Asma Mohammed Amer Al Mansoori, Salama Suhail Mohammed Al Muhairi, and et al. 2023. "A Clinical, Pathological, Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Recent Outbreaks of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Domestic and Wild Small Ruminants in the Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 1: 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010056