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Volume 9
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Article

Bioleaching of Heavy Metals from Printed Circuit Boards with an Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Microbial Consortium in Stirred Tank Reactors

by
Juan Tapia
1,
Alex Dueñas
1,
Nick Cheje
1,
Gonzalo Soclle
1,
Nila Patiño
1,
Wendy Ancalla
1,
Sara Tenorio
1,
Jorge Denos
1,
Homar Taco
1,
Weiwei Cao
2,
Diogo A. M. Alexandrino
3,
Zhongjun Jia
2,
Vitor Vasconcelos
3,4,
Maria de Fátima Carvalho
3,5,* and
Antonio Lazarte
1
1
Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Biominería y Bioensayos Ecotoxicológicos (LAB-BIOTBEC), Escuela Profesional de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa 04000, Peru
2
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
3
Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, AV. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
4
Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
5
School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Bioengineering 2022, 9(2), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9020079
Submission received: 13 December 2021 / Revised: 3 February 2022 / Accepted: 9 February 2022 / Published: 16 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Biochemical Engineering)
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Abstract

In this study, bioleaching was carried out for the recovery of metals (copper, zinc, tin, lead, gold and silver) from printed circuit boards residues (PCBs), one of the most important wastes from electrical and electronic equipment, using an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterial consortium enriched with minerals from a gold mine in the Arequipa region, Peru. High-throughput sequencing and analysis of the 16S rRNA biomarker revealed that this consortium was predominantly composed of Tissierella, Acidiphilium and Leptospirillum bacteria, from which the latter is known to grow by chemolithotrophy through iron oxidation. After the enrichment process, the acidophilic iron-oxidizing consortium was first tested for its tolerance to different PCBs concentrations, showing best growth up to 10 g/L of PCBs and a tolerance index of 0.383. Based on these results, the bioleaching efficiency of the consortium was investigated for 10 g/L of PCBs in stirred tank reactors coupled to an aeration system, for 18 days. High bioleaching efficiencies were achieved for copper and zinc (69% and 91%, respectively), indicating that these two metals can be easily extracted in this leaching system. Lower extraction efficiencies were achieved for tin (16%) and gold (28%), while for lead and silver only a residual recovery (<0.25%) was detected. These results indicate that the enriched bacterial consortium originating from the Arequipa region, Peru, has a high capacity to recover different metals of economic importance.
Keywords: printed circuit boards; heavy metals; acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterial consortium; metals tolerance; bioleaching printed circuit boards; heavy metals; acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterial consortium; metals tolerance; bioleaching

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tapia, J.; Dueñas, A.; Cheje, N.; Soclle, G.; Patiño, N.; Ancalla, W.; Tenorio, S.; Denos, J.; Taco, H.; Cao, W.; et al. Bioleaching of Heavy Metals from Printed Circuit Boards with an Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Microbial Consortium in Stirred Tank Reactors. Bioengineering 2022, 9, 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9020079

AMA Style

Tapia J, Dueñas A, Cheje N, Soclle G, Patiño N, Ancalla W, Tenorio S, Denos J, Taco H, Cao W, et al. Bioleaching of Heavy Metals from Printed Circuit Boards with an Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Microbial Consortium in Stirred Tank Reactors. Bioengineering. 2022; 9(2):79. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9020079

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tapia, Juan, Alex Dueñas, Nick Cheje, Gonzalo Soclle, Nila Patiño, Wendy Ancalla, Sara Tenorio, Jorge Denos, Homar Taco, Weiwei Cao, and et al. 2022. "Bioleaching of Heavy Metals from Printed Circuit Boards with an Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Microbial Consortium in Stirred Tank Reactors" Bioengineering 9, no. 2: 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9020079

APA Style

Tapia, J., Dueñas, A., Cheje, N., Soclle, G., Patiño, N., Ancalla, W., Tenorio, S., Denos, J., Taco, H., Cao, W., Alexandrino, D. A. M., Jia, Z., Vasconcelos, V., Carvalho, M. d. F., & Lazarte, A. (2022). Bioleaching of Heavy Metals from Printed Circuit Boards with an Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Microbial Consortium in Stirred Tank Reactors. Bioengineering, 9(2), 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9020079

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