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Volume 9
Issue 2
10.3390/hydrology9020017
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Article

Towards Coupling of 1D and 2D Models for Flood Simulation—A Case Study of Nilwala River Basin, Sri Lanka

by
Lanthika Dhanapala
1,
M. H. J. P. Gunarathna
1,*,
M. K. N. Kumari
1,
Manjula Ranagalage
2,
Kazuhito Sakai
3 and
T. J. Meegastenna
4
1
Department of Agricultural Engineering and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka
3
Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
4
Irrigation Department, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hydrology 2022, 9(2), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9020017
Submission received: 10 December 2021 / Revised: 20 January 2022 / Accepted: 21 January 2022 / Published: 25 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flood Early Warning and Risk Modelling)
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Abstract

The Nilwala river basin is prone to frequent flooding during the southwest monsoon and second intermonsoon periods. Several studies have recommended coupling 1D and 2D models for flood modelling as they provide sufficient descriptive information of floodplains with greater computational efficiency. This study aims to couple a 1D hydrological model (HEC-HMS) with a 2D hydraulic model (iRIC) to simulate flooding in the Nilwala river basin. Hourly rainfall and streamflow data of three flood events were used for calibration and validation of HEC-HMS. The model performed exceptionally well considering the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient, percent bias, and root mean square error. The flood event of May 2017 was simulated on iRIC using the streamflow hydrographs modelled by HEC-HMS. An overall accuracy of 81.5% was attained when the simulated extent was compared with the surveyed flood extent. The accuracy of the simulated flood depth was assessed using the observed water level at Tudawa gauging station, which yielded an NSE of 0.94, PBIAS of −4.28, RMSE of 0.18 and R2 of 0.95. Thus, the coupled model provided an accurate estimate of the flood extent and depth and can be further developed for hydrological flood forecasting on a regional scale.
Keywords: Nilwala river basin; coupled flood modelling; HEC-HMS; iRIC Nilwala river basin; coupled flood modelling; HEC-HMS; iRIC

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dhanapala, L.; Gunarathna, M.H.J.P.; Kumari, M.K.N.; Ranagalage, M.; Sakai, K.; Meegastenna, T.J. Towards Coupling of 1D and 2D Models for Flood Simulation—A Case Study of Nilwala River Basin, Sri Lanka. Hydrology 2022, 9, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9020017

AMA Style

Dhanapala L, Gunarathna MHJP, Kumari MKN, Ranagalage M, Sakai K, Meegastenna TJ. Towards Coupling of 1D and 2D Models for Flood Simulation—A Case Study of Nilwala River Basin, Sri Lanka. Hydrology. 2022; 9(2):17. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9020017

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dhanapala, Lanthika, M. H. J. P. Gunarathna, M. K. N. Kumari, Manjula Ranagalage, Kazuhito Sakai, and T. J. Meegastenna. 2022. "Towards Coupling of 1D and 2D Models for Flood Simulation—A Case Study of Nilwala River Basin, Sri Lanka" Hydrology 9, no. 2: 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9020017

APA Style

Dhanapala, L., Gunarathna, M. H. J. P., Kumari, M. K. N., Ranagalage, M., Sakai, K., & Meegastenna, T. J. (2022). Towards Coupling of 1D and 2D Models for Flood Simulation—A Case Study of Nilwala River Basin, Sri Lanka. Hydrology, 9(2), 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9020017

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