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Volume 11
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10.3390/toxics11030220
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Article

Metabolic Evaluation of Synthetic Opioids on the Example of U-47700 with the Use of In Vitro and In Vivo Methods for Forensic Toxicology Application

by
Sebastian Rojek
1,*,
Ewa Poljańska
2,
Weronika Chaim
2,
Martyna Maciów-Głąb
1 and
Beata Bystrowska
3,*
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 16 Str., 31-531 Kraków, Poland
2
Toxicology Research Group, Department of Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
3
Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxics 2023, 11(3), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030220
Submission received: 31 January 2023 / Revised: 20 February 2023 / Accepted: 24 February 2023 / Published: 25 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Forensic Toxicology)
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Abstract

Legal highs present a great threat to health, especially in groups of people experimenting with psychoactive substances. The lack of available knowledge on the biotransformation of these substances necessitates symptomatic treatment in the event of intoxication, which, unfortunately, may be ineffective. Opioids, including heroin analogues, such as U-47700, constitute a special group of designer drugs. In this study, a multi-directional approach to trace the biotransformation of U-47700 in living organisms was used. For this purpose, the in silico assessment (ADMET Predictor) was used first and then followed by an in vitro study using human liver microsomes and the S9 fraction. The biotransformation was then followed in an animal model (Wistar rats). Tissues such as blood, brain and liver were collected for analysis. The study was performed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The obtained results were compared to those obtained from the analysis of autopsy materials (cases analysed in the Toxicology Laboratory of the Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow).
Keywords: U-47700; in vivo and in vitro metabolic study; ADMET Predictor; intoxication; LC-MS/MS U-47700; in vivo and in vitro metabolic study; ADMET Predictor; intoxication; LC-MS/MS

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rojek, S.; Poljańska, E.; Chaim, W.; Maciów-Głąb, M.; Bystrowska, B. Metabolic Evaluation of Synthetic Opioids on the Example of U-47700 with the Use of In Vitro and In Vivo Methods for Forensic Toxicology Application. Toxics 2023, 11, 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030220

AMA Style

Rojek S, Poljańska E, Chaim W, Maciów-Głąb M, Bystrowska B. Metabolic Evaluation of Synthetic Opioids on the Example of U-47700 with the Use of In Vitro and In Vivo Methods for Forensic Toxicology Application. Toxics. 2023; 11(3):220. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030220

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rojek, Sebastian, Ewa Poljańska, Weronika Chaim, Martyna Maciów-Głąb, and Beata Bystrowska. 2023. "Metabolic Evaluation of Synthetic Opioids on the Example of U-47700 with the Use of In Vitro and In Vivo Methods for Forensic Toxicology Application" Toxics 11, no. 3: 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030220

APA Style

Rojek, S., Poljańska, E., Chaim, W., Maciów-Głąb, M., & Bystrowska, B. (2023). Metabolic Evaluation of Synthetic Opioids on the Example of U-47700 with the Use of In Vitro and In Vivo Methods for Forensic Toxicology Application. Toxics, 11(3), 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030220

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