Dentistry Journal

15 pages, 1916 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Randomized Clinical Trial of Electrostimulation Therapies as an Adjuvant for the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders

by Claudia I. Rodríguez, Fernando Angeles, Socorro A. Borges, Eduardo Llamosas and Julio Morales

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080273 - 22 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1218

Abstract

We carried out a comparison of the neuromuscular and clinical effects produced by electrostimulation therapies, as an adjuvant to the use of occlusal splints (removable muscle relaxation apparatus) in patients with temporomandibular disorders In this simple randomized clinical trial, 91 patients were randomly [...] Read more.

We carried out a comparison of the neuromuscular and clinical effects produced by electrostimulation therapies, as an adjuvant to the use of occlusal splints (removable muscle relaxation apparatus) in patients with temporomandibular disorders In this simple randomized clinical trial, 91 patients were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (GA) received transcutaneous electrostimulation therapy and an occlusal splint, Group B (GB) received percutaneous electrostimulation therapy and an occlusal splint, and Group C (GC) received an occlusal splint. The neuromuscular activity, as well as the signs and symptoms of each patient, were evaluated every week throughout the treatment (T0 = baseline; T1 = 7 days; T2 = 14 days; T3 = 21 days; T4 = 28 days; and T5 = 35 days). Pain was measured with a visual analog scale, and neuromuscular electrical activity was determined by the root mean square of the masseter muscles through the use of a UNAM-CINVESTAV 1.2 electromyograph. Comparisons were made using ANOVA for repeated measures (p-value = 0.05). The comparison between the groups determined that muscle fatigue (p-value = 0.001), joint pain (p-value = 0.009), and muscle pain (p-value = 0.003) decreased to a greater extent, and in the short term for the group treated with transcutaneous electrostimulation therapy as an adjuvant to the use of the occlusal splint. The comparison between the groups determined that muscle fatigue (p-value = 0.001), joint pain (p-value = 0.009), and muscle pain (p-value = 0.003) decreased to a greater extent and in a shorter term in the GA (calculation therapy, transcutaneous electrostimulation) and GB (occlusal splint). Transcutaneous electrostimulation is a feasible and faster alternative that was accepted by most of the patients for treating temporomandibular disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Restorative Dentistry and Traumatology)

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11 pages, 640 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Osteoporosis and Apical Periodontitis Prevalence: A Systematic Review

by Natália Pestana de Vasconcelos, Isabel Silva Martins, Américo Santos Afonso, Ana Cristina Braga and Irene Pina-Vaz

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080272 - 22 Aug 2024

Viewed by 2294

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a common systemic bone disorder in the elderly, characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone structure. Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory response to the microbial infection of root canals, typically characterized by apical bone destruction surrounding the tooth’s [...] Read more.

Osteoporosis is a common systemic bone disorder in the elderly, characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone structure. Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory response to the microbial infection of root canals, typically characterized by apical bone destruction surrounding the tooth’s apex. This systematic review aimed to determine if osteoporosis affects the prevalence of apical periodontitis in adults. PRISMA guidelines have been followed. It included randomized clinical trials, cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies, and excluded non-relevant investigations and various secondary sources. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, until 13 March 2024. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the three selected studies: two cross-sectional studies and one case-control study. One investigation only included post-menopausal women recruited at a dental university clinic, the other integrated data from the total hospital patients’ population, and the third selected patients referred to the university dental clinic from the university hospital. The findings varied: one study noted a marginal association between low bone mineral density and apical periodontitis, another found a significant association, and the third, with the lowest risk of bias, reported no link. The main limitations were the scarcity of eligible studies and their overall quality. The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42024523705), applied strict inclusion criteria and thorough searches by experienced and independent reviewers. There is no strong evidence that adult individuals with osteoporosis have a higher probability of developing apical periodontitis. However, clinicians should remain cautious of osteoporosis’s potential impact on apical periodontitis development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Dentistry)

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11 pages, 371 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Awareness of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPMs) among Northern Italian Dentists: A Questionnaire Survey

by Elena Bardellini, Giulio Conti, Federica Veneri, Alessandra Majorana and Francesca Amadori

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080271 - 22 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1136

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPMs) among dental practitioners in Northern Italy, and to gather data on the occurrence of these conditions in their paediatric patients. Methods: [...] Read more.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPMs) among dental practitioners in Northern Italy, and to gather data on the occurrence of these conditions in their paediatric patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured online questionnaire administered through Google Forms. The survey comprised 10 single-choice questions addressing the occurrence of MIH and HSPM in caries-free patients aged 6–9 years. Results: A total of 315 dentists participated in the survey, yielding a response rate of 31.5%. The majority of respondents reported that 1–25% of their paediatric patients exhibited HSPMs. Among this group, 43.62% of respondents observed MIH in 1–25% of cases. Conclusion: The findings from this survey suggest a consistent perception of MIH and HSPMs among dental practitioners, aligning with known prevalence data and indicating recognition of these conditions within the dental community in Northern Italy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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10 pages, 1330 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrating Structured Digital Tools with the Traditional Hands-on Puzzle Method for Teaching Tooth Morphology: A Comparative Study of Educational Outcomes

by Caroline Elisabet Markholm, Helene Lindén Overskott, Amer Sehic, Tor Paaske Utheim and Qalbi Khan

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080270 - 22 Aug 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1443

Abstract

The study of tooth morphology is a critical component of the dental curriculum, highlighting the importance for dental students to acquire comprehensive and detailed knowledge of the complex structure of teeth. This study compared the educational outcomes of two student cohorts in a [...] Read more.

The study of tooth morphology is a critical component of the dental curriculum, highlighting the importance for dental students to acquire comprehensive and detailed knowledge of the complex structure of teeth. This study compared the educational outcomes of two student cohorts in a tooth morphology course, using traditional methods for the control group and additional digital video-based resources for the experimental group. We hypothesized that early integration of digital resources would significantly reduce the learning time. We retrospectively analyzed two groups of Master of Dentistry students. The control group (42 students) was taught using the traditional ‘tooth puzzle’ method, while the experimental group (42 students) supplemented traditional teaching with digital video-based tools developed by our department. Both groups’ curricula culminated in a practical post-course test requiring the identification of 40 teeth, along with a mid-course test to track the students’ learning progression. The number and type of incorrectly identified teeth were recorded. The mid-course test showed significant performance differences. The control group had a median (Q1, Q3) value of faults of 12.0 (7.8, 20.5), whereas the respective value for the experimental group was 4.0 (0.0, 8.0) (p < 0.001). In the control group, none achieved faultless results, with only two students (4.8%) having at most two faults, and six students (14.3%) having no more than four faults. The control group averaged 13.5 faults per student, with 19 students (45.2%) failing the test. Conversely, the experimental group showed improved performance: 12 students (28.6%) had no faults, and 25 students (59.5%) had four or fewer faults. The experimental group averaged 5.2 faults per student, with only four students (9.5%) failing. By the end of the course, both groups achieved commendable results on the practical tooth identification test. The experimental group slightly outperformed the control group, though the difference was not significant. The median (Q1, Q3) values were 0.0 (0.0, 2.5) and 1.0 (0.0, 4.5) for the experimental and control groups, respectively (p = 0.372). The students using both traditional and structured digital video-based tools showed greater learning advancement than those using only the traditional ‘tooth puzzle’ method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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12 pages, 1691 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Upper Central Incisor Torque in the ClinCheck^® with and without CBCT Integration: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Cíntia Queirós, Maria Gonçalves, Sofia Ferreira, Inês de Castro, Rui M. S. Azevedo and Teresa Pinho

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080269 - 20 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1803

Abstract

Controlling root movement is one of the greatest challenges in orthodontic treatment with aligners, like Invisalign^® aligners. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) integration into ClinCheck^®, enabling bone and root visualisation, allows a more accurate follow-up of the teeth position. This [...] Read more.

Controlling root movement is one of the greatest challenges in orthodontic treatment with aligners, like Invisalign^® aligners. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) integration into ClinCheck^®, enabling bone and root visualisation, allows a more accurate follow-up of the teeth position. This study aims to compare torque measurements of the upper central incisors with and without CBCT and relate them to the upper incisor inclination and facial biotype. In a sample of 70 teeth, torque measurements were obtained by importing images into AutoCAD^® software (version 2024). The angle between the tooth’s long axis with CBCT duplicate and the tooth’s long axis without CBCT was obtained to assess the difference. Statistically significant differences between torque measurements with and without CBCT were found, as well as between these measurements and the inclination of the upper incisors. No statistically significant differences were found among the facial biotypes. The average values of 27.8° ± 3.4° and 21.5° ± 3.2° were obtained for the angle between the axes. Torque without CBCT was lower than torque with CBCT, for the same tooth. The angle between the axes had a similar mean for both teeth. CBCT integration into ClinCheck^® allows for a more correct torque measurement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tradition and Innovation in Orthodontics)

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14 pages, 1673 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Associated with the Selection of Sweetened Ultra-Processed Foods and Their Importance in Oral Health

by María del Pilar Angarita-Díaz, Johao Alexander Colmenares-Pedraza, Valentina Agudelo-Sanchez, Juliana Alejandra Mora-Quila and Laura Sofia Rincón-Mejia

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080268 - 20 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1964

Abstract

Background: Reading nutritional labelling helps consumers select healthier food, thereby benefitting their oral health. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of parents and carers of children and preteens, associated with reading nutritional labelling, selecting sweetened [...] Read more.

Background: Reading nutritional labelling helps consumers select healthier food, thereby benefitting their oral health. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of parents and carers of children and preteens, associated with reading nutritional labelling, selecting sweetened ultra-processed foods, and their impact on oral health. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which a validated questionnaire was administered to 298 parents and caregivers of children aged 1–12 years from different districts in Villavicencio, Colombia. Participants’ scores, based on the number of correct answers, were used to classify their level of KAP as low, medium, or high. In addition, the frequency of responses, the KAP levels, and the median scores were analysed. Finally, associations were determined using the chi-square test. Results: Most participants reached a medium level in terms of knowledge (41.6%) and attitudes (49.3%) and a low level in terms of practices (43.3%). An association was found between participants’ level of KAPs and their socioeconomic and educational level (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study findings reveal inadequate KAPs associated with nutritional labelling, adequate food selection, and the importance of oral health. Full article

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14 pages, 557 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Image Quality, Radiation Dose, and Patient Comfort Associated with Wireless Sensors in Digital Radiography: A Systematic Review

by Carlos M. Ardila, Annie M. Vivares-Builes and Eliana Pineda-Vélez

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080267 - 20 Aug 2024

Viewed by 2339

Abstract

Radiography facilities face challenges with the positioning of digital radiography detectors. This study evaluates the image quality, radiation dose, and patient comfort associated with wireless sensors in digital radiography. A systematic exploration was performed across PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and SCIELO. [...] Read more.

Radiography facilities face challenges with the positioning of digital radiography detectors. This study evaluates the image quality, radiation dose, and patient comfort associated with wireless sensors in digital radiography. A systematic exploration was performed across PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and SCIELO. Nine papers met the eligibility criteria, including three observational studies with 111 patients, four in vitro experiments with 258 extracted human teeth, and two ex vivo investigations with 16 cadaver mandibles. All studies consistently reported high-quality images produced by wireless sensors. Two studies demonstrated the superiority of wireless sensors, one found comparable accuracy with conventional radiography, and another indicated similar image quality among the sensors. Both wireless and wired sensors significantly reduced radiation doses compared to conventional X-rays. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) did not reveal a clear superiority of wireless over wired sensors, though both were generally less comfortable than traditional film. The wireless sensors consistently produce high-quality images, comparable to or superior to other digital devices. Both wireless and wired sensors significantly reduce radiation doses compared to conventional X-rays, emphasizing their safety and efficacy. Patient comfort levels vary, with neither sensor type showing clear superiority over the other, and both being less comfortable than traditional film. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Dentistry)

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11 pages, 1671 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Critical Factors Affecting Outcomes of Endodontic Microsurgery: A Retrospective Japanese Study

by Masashi Yamada, Norio Kasahara, Satoru Matsunaga, Rie Fujii, Norihito Miyayoshi, Sayo Sekiya, Isabel Ding and Christopher A. McCulloch

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080266 - 20 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1519

Abstract

The critically important preoperative and intraoperative factors that affect the success of endodontic microsurgery (EMS) in Japanese patients are not defined. We conducted a retrospective study that analyzed treatment outcomes for 46 teeth in 46 Japanese patients. Treatment was provided between March 2013 [...] Read more.

The critically important preoperative and intraoperative factors that affect the success of endodontic microsurgery (EMS) in Japanese patients are not defined. We conducted a retrospective study that analyzed treatment outcomes for 46 teeth in 46 Japanese patients. Treatment was provided between March 2013 and March 2015. All patients were evaluated after one year, the shortest time period over which treatment outcomes after apicoectomy could be evaluated and in which there were complete records for the recruited patient population. Healing was assessed on the basis of clinical symptoms and radiographs. With the use of a binary logistic regression model to quantify success, we estimated the effects of patient age, sex, dental arch, lesion size, lesion type, preoperative root canal treatment, the presence or absence of a post core, and the presence or absence of an isthmus on the surgically prepared dentine surface. The overall success for EMS was 93.5% after one year; failures comprised 6.5%. Successful outcomes were higher (p = 0.04) for maxillary teeth than for mandibular teeth. Success was higher (p = 0.019) for patients who received root canal instrumentation prior to EMS. Age, sex, lesion size, lesion type, the presence or absence of a post core, and the presence or absence of a root canal isthmus had no effect (p > 0.2) on success. We conclude that the percentage of successful outcomes after EMS treatment for Japanese patients presenting with periapical periodontitis is very high after one year and that success is influenced strongly by the dental arch and preoperative root canal instrumentation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Diseases and Tempromandibular Joints)

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16 pages, 9399 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Engaging vs. Non-Engaging Abutments: An In Vitro Study Evaluating Changes in Microgap and Screw Morphology

by Fawaz M. Alzoubi, Mohammad Y. Sabti, Esra Alsarraf, Faris A. Alshahrani and Steven J. Sadowsky

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080265 - 20 Aug 2024

Viewed by 2357

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the microgap size between engaging (E) and non-engaging (NE) abutments and screw morphology changes between E and NE abutments using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after cyclic loading (CL). Methods: Thirty-six implants were [...] Read more.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the microgap size between engaging (E) and non-engaging (NE) abutments and screw morphology changes between E and NE abutments using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after cyclic loading (CL). Methods: Thirty-six implants were arranged into four groups as follows: Group 1, single units with E abutments; Group 2, single units with NE abutments; Group 3, three-unit fixed partial dentures with a hemi-engaging design; and Group 4, three-unit FPDs with two NE abutments. The microgap was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. SEM was used to qualitatively evaluate screw morphology. The specimens were subjected to axial loading first and then lateral loading (30°) using the settings; one million cycles (1.0 × 10⁶ cycles) for each loading axis. Results: There were no significant differences detected in the microgap sizes between the E and NE abutment groups. In addition, there were no significant changes in the microgap sizes after CL in the E or NE abutment specimens. More damage to the screws was noticed after CL compared to before, with no difference in the patterns of damage detected between the E and NE abutments. Conclusions: No significant difference in microgap size was detected between the E and NE abutments. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in microgap size between the different prosthetic designs. From the SEM qualitative evaluation, there were similar screw morphology changes after CL between the E and NE abutments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Dental Implantology)

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9 pages, 217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

COVID-19 Safety: Perspectives from Dental Students

by Man Hung, Daniel Yevseyevich, Amir Mohajeri, Nicole Hablitzel, Sharon Su and Martin S. Lipsky

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080264 - 20 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1180

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic created challenges for healthcare providers, especially dental professionals in practices and universities. This study investigated dental students’ concerns about COVID-19 and whether institutional communication influenced pandemic-related stressors. Methods: An online survey designed to elicit dental students’ concerns about [...] Read more.

Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic created challenges for healthcare providers, especially dental professionals in practices and universities. This study investigated dental students’ concerns about COVID-19 and whether institutional communication influenced pandemic-related stressors. Methods: An online survey designed to elicit dental students’ concerns about COVID-19 was distributed to all dental students enrolled at a private non-profit academic institution in the Western United States from 26 April 2021 to 25 August 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the respondents, and Chi-square test and z-test analyses were used to compare students’ experiences. Results: A total of 92 dental students answered the survey. The respondents’ ages ranged from 22 to 47 years. Slightly more than half (50.5%) were male and 93.3% were non-Hispanic or non-Latino. Over one-fourth of the students (27.5%) reported that they either often or always felt anxious that they might become infected with the COVID-19 virus, with 16.3% of the students expressing concern about contracting COVID-19 while on campus. There were no statistically significant differences in anxiety levels about contracting COVID-19 from clinic patients or while on campus between the group of students who perceived the institution communicated effectively and those who did not. However, students who felt that the dental school clearly communicated COVID-19 protocols were more likely to believe that students took protocols seriously and expressed less concern about contracting COVID-19 by touching dental school items. Conclusions: About one-quarter of dental students expressed high levels of anxiety about being infected with COVID-19. Clear communication about COVID-19 protocols reduced students’ fear of contracting COVID-19 from dental school items and strengthened their belief that other students followed protocols. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

13 pages, 1522 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Hyaluronic Acid in Bone Regeneration: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Claudia Lorenzi, Andrea Leggeri, Ilaria Cammarota, Paolo Carosi, Vincenzo Mazzetti and Claudio Arcuri

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080263 - 19 Aug 2024

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3171

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess possible histomorphometric differences in new bone formation and in remaining graft particles when hyaluronic acid (HA) was added and mixed with graft materials in bone regeneration. Materials and methods: This review [...] Read more.

Aim: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess possible histomorphometric differences in new bone formation and in remaining graft particles when hyaluronic acid (HA) was added and mixed with graft materials in bone regeneration. Materials and methods: This review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) of the National Institute of Health Research (registration number CRD42024530030). Electronic research was performed, and involved studies published up to 29 February 2024 using a specific word combination. The primary outcome was to assess possible histomorphometric differences in new bone formation and in remaining graft particles when HA was added and mixed with graft materials in bone regeneration. The search resulted in 138 potential studies. Meta-analyses were performed using the fixed and random effects model to identify significant changes in new bone formation and in the remaining graft particles. Results: After screening procedures, only three randomized controlled trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The effect size of HA in the new bone formation was not statistically significant at 95% CI (Z = 1.734, p-value = 0.083, 95 % CI -,399; 6516). The effect size of HA in the remaining graft particles was not statistically significant at 95% CI (Z = −1.042, p-value = 0.297, CI -,835; 255). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present systematic review and meta-analysis, the addition of HA to bone graft did not result in significant changes in bone regeneration procedures in terms of new bone formation and residues, even if the included studies showed encouraging and promising results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone Regeneration and Tissue Reconstruction in Dentistry)

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16 pages, 3692 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy of the CALM^® Algorithm in Reducing Motion-Induced Artifacts in CBCT Imaging: A Fractal Dimension Analysis of Trabecular Bone

by Yahia H. Khubrani, Hassem Geha, Rujuta A. Katkar, Taraneh Maghsoodi-Zahedi, William Moore and Ahmed Z. Abdelkarim

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080262 - 19 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1072

Abstract

Objective: The primary goal of this investigation was to ascertain the efficacy of the CALM^® motion artifact reduction algorithm in diminishing motion-induced blurriness in Cone Beam Computed Tomography [CBCT] images. The assessment was conducted through Fractal Dimension [FD] analysis of the trabecular [...] Read more.

Objective: The primary goal of this investigation was to ascertain the efficacy of the CALM^® motion artifact reduction algorithm in diminishing motion-induced blurriness in Cone Beam Computed Tomography [CBCT] images. The assessment was conducted through Fractal Dimension [FD] analysis of the trabecular bone. Methods and Materials: A desiccated human mandible was subjected to Planmeca ProMax 3D^® scanning under eight distinct protocols, marked by variations in motion presence [at 5, 10, and 15 degrees] and the deployment of CALM^®. In every scan, five distinct regions of interest [ROIs] were designated for FD analysis, meticulously avoiding tooth roots or cortical bone. The FD was computed employing the box-counting method with Image-J 1.53 software. Results: Our findings reveal that a 5-degree motion does not significantly disrupt FD analysis, while a 10-degree motion and beyond exhibit statistical differences and volatility among the sites and groups. A decreased FD value, signifying a less intricate or “rough” bone structure, correlated with amplified motion blurriness. The utilization of CALM^® software seemed to counteract this effect in some instances, reconciling FD values to those akin to the control groups. Nonetheless, CALM^®’s efficacy differed across sites and motion degrees. Interestingly, at one site, CALM^® application in the absence of motion resulted in FD values considerably higher than all other groups. Conclusion: The study indicates that motion, particularly at 10 degrees or more, can considerably impact the FD analysis of trabecular bone in CBCT images. In some situations, the CALM^® motion artifact reduction algorithm can alleviate this impact, though its effectiveness fluctuates depending on the site and degree of motion. This underscores the necessity of factoring in motion and the employment of artifact reduction algorithms during the interpretation of FD analysis outcomes in CBCT imaging. More research is necessary to refine the application of such algorithms and to comprehend their influence on different sites under varying motion degrees. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Digital Dentistry)

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14 pages, 22971 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Piezoelectric Surgery, Er:YAG Laser Surgery and Nd:YAG Laser Photobiomodulation: A Combined Approach to Treat Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ)

by Paolo Vescovi, Pierpaolo De Francesco, Ilaria Giovannacci, Jair Carneiro Leão and Antonio Barone

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080261 - 19 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1783

Abstract

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a drug complication that can occur in patients taking antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs. Although it is a well-documented disease, there is no widely accepted treatment. However, several therapeutic approaches have been proposed. The surgical approach in [...] Read more.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a drug complication that can occur in patients taking antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs. Although it is a well-documented disease, there is no widely accepted treatment. However, several therapeutic approaches have been proposed. The surgical approach in many advanced cases appears inevitable; however, the results are not yet defined and predictable. This study aimed to propose a combined surgical approach with a piezoelectric device and laser (Er:YAG for bone ablation and Nd:YAG laser for photobiomodulation) in a young patient with breast cancer and bone metastasis under denosumab treatment, affected by spontaneous stage 3 MRONJ with maxillary sinus involvement. The patient under study reported no post-operative discomfort, with painkiller intake limited to the day after surgery. Total mucosal healing was observed without recurrences for more than 4 years after surgery. According to the results of our preliminary study, a combined surgical approach using a piezoelectric device and laser therapy is effective in managing patients affected by MRONJ, leveraging the clinical and biological advantages of these different techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photobiomodulation and Its Application in Dentistry)

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15 pages, 3936 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perception and Acceptance of Shade Variances in the Smile

by Jana Wesselbaum, Dieter Dirksen, Christoph Runte and Alexander Becker

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080260 - 16 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1192

Abstract

(1) This study aimed to evaluate the influences of differences in denture teeth shade on harmony ratings and esthetic quality. Particular attention was paid to the question of how the overall variance of shade differences in the dental arch influences the perception of [...] Read more.

(1) This study aimed to evaluate the influences of differences in denture teeth shade on harmony ratings and esthetic quality. Particular attention was paid to the question of how the overall variance of shade differences in the dental arch influences the perception of shade differences between adjacent teeth. (2) A total of 51 pictures of upper front teeth with standardized different colors of the left central incisor and different color variance of the dental arch were created. Eighty participants without dental knowledge and of different age, sex and educational level rated the pictures on a visual analogue scale from 0 (strongly disagree) to 100 (strongly agree) with regards to esthetic and color equality. (3) Results: The color differences between two teeth were judged in a negative linear correlation to the evaluation of color and esthetic quality. There was a sex- and education-specific difference in color and harmony ratings. In relation to the age of the participants, there was a significant difference in the color rating (p = 0.01) but not in the harmony rating (p = 0.27). Lower rating of color difference and harmony was found for a color difference in the dental arch up to ΔE = 3.1. In contrast, higher color differences resulted in higher ratings. (4) There is an influence of personal parameters on color perception. Color inhomogeneity in a dental arch leads to significant differences in color and harmony rating in a non-linear relation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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18 pages, 2199 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Efficacy of Virtual Preparation Simulators Compared to Traditional Preparations on Phantom Heads

by Lea Stoilov, Fabian Stephan, Helmut Stark, Norbert Enkling, Dominik Kraus and Milan Stoilov

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080259 - 14 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1891

Abstract

Background: Virtual simulators are increasingly being introduced in dental education. This study investigates whether virtual simulators offer comparable or superior educational efficacy when compared to traditional phantom simulators. Materials and Methods: Participants were randomly allocated into groups: Virtual Preparation (SIM; n = 30) [...] Read more.

Background: Virtual simulators are increasingly being introduced in dental education. This study investigates whether virtual simulators offer comparable or superior educational efficacy when compared to traditional phantom simulators. Materials and Methods: Participants were randomly allocated into groups: Virtual Preparation (SIM; n = 30) and Traditional Preparation (FRA; n = 30). Students were tasked with preparing tooth 36 for a full-cast crown during free practice for four days. Faculty staff provided feedback to both groups. Examinations were administered and graded by three examiners (preclinical and clinical consultants and a dental surgery consultant). Additionally, a survey was conducted to assess each training concept. Results: The FRA group achieved significantly better grades in the preparation exam evaluations by all three examiners, compared to the SIM group. Interrater reliability showed only moderate agreement, with the clinical examiner giving better grades than the other two. The questionnaire results indicate that while participants managed with the virtual system, they preferred the analog system for exams and patient preparation. Conclusion: Virtual simulators do not seem to be as good when it comes to practicing for a preparation exam or clinical preparation, especially for unexperienced students. However, they still appear to be useful as an additional tool for introducing students to the topic of preparation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Digital Dentistry)

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9 pages, 238 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Oral Mucosal Diseases Using the Indonesian Version of the Chronic Oral Mucosal Disease Questionnaire-15 (COMDQ-15)

by Febrina Rahmayanti, Ratna K. Indrastiti, Yuniardini S. Wimardhani, Sherlyana Jozerizal, Dovian Emely Suteja, Rani Handayani and Paswach Wiriyakijja

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080258 - 14 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1456

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic oral mucosal diseases (COMDs) can significantly impair the quality of life (QoL) of affected individuals. Monitoring the overall disease’s impact and the efficacy of treatments requires the use of the Chronic Oral Mucosal Diseases Questionnaire-15 (COMDQ-15) as a standardized instrument for [...] Read more.

Introduction: Chronic oral mucosal diseases (COMDs) can significantly impair the quality of life (QoL) of affected individuals. Monitoring the overall disease’s impact and the efficacy of treatments requires the use of the Chronic Oral Mucosal Diseases Questionnaire-15 (COMDQ-15) as a standardized instrument for measuring QoL in these patients. Objective: This study aimed to assess QoL in patients with COMDs using an Indonesian version of the COMDQ-15. Methods: Seventy patients diagnosed with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), oral lichen planus, autoimmune blistering diseases (ABD), and cheilitis were included. Levels of QoL among different groups of disease were compared. Various potential factors influencing QoL were evaluated. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with overall and specific aspects of QoL. Results: The mean total COMDQ-15 score was 20.83 ± 10.07. The highest scores were in the physical discomfort domain (8.76 ± 4.65), while the lowest was in the medication and treatment domain (2.13 ± 1.99). Physical discomfort was significantly associated with gender, major RAS, and cheilitis. Social and emotional aspects were significantly associated with age and ABD, while patient support was linked to employment status, RAS types, and cheilitis. Conclusions: The Indonesian version of the COMDQ-15 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing QoL in patients with COMDs. Full article

24 pages, 679 KiB

Open AccessReview

Glide Path in Endodontics: A Literature Review of Current Knowledge

by Vlad Mircea Lup, Giulia Malvicini, Carlo Gaeta, Simone Grandini and Gabriela Ciavoi

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080257 - 14 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3493

Abstract

The introduction of nickel–titanium rotary instruments revolutionized shaping procedures as they were able to produce a well-tapered preparation while reducing operator fatigue. The major drawback of rotary instruments was the high risk of fracture due to bending and torsional stress. Thus, the creation [...] Read more.

The introduction of nickel–titanium rotary instruments revolutionized shaping procedures as they were able to produce a well-tapered preparation while reducing operator fatigue. The major drawback of rotary instruments was the high risk of fracture due to bending and torsional stress. Thus, the creation of a glide path has been advocated and recommended by most rotary instrument manufacturers. The aim of the present review is to summarize existing knowledge on glide path preparation and identify areas where further research is needed. The primary goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the techniques and instruments used in glide path preparation, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The secondary goal is to explore the effect of glide path creation on the overall success of endodontic treatment, particularly in terms of reducing procedural errors and improving treatment outcomes. An online search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, UCLA, and Scopus databases was conducted, and 116 articles were identified. Eligible articles were divided into nine categories based on what they researched and compared. The categories included centering ability and/or root canal transportation, cyclic fatigue resistance, glide path and shaping time, tortional stress resistance, apical extrusion of debris and/or bacteria, defects in dentine walls, file separation, postoperative pain assessment, and scouting ability and performance. Establishing a glide path reduces root canal transportation, especially with rotary methods. Reciprocating and heat-treated files offer higher fatigue resistance and shorter preparation time. Instruments with shorter pitch lengths have greater torsional strength. Preparation and coronal preflaring reduce apical debris and bacteria. Glide paths do not affect dentine microcracks, file separation, or defects but reduce immediate postoperative pain and improve cutting ability. Randomized trials are needed to assess their impact on treatment outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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11 pages, 514 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cone Beam Computed Tomography Panoramic Mandibular Indices in the Screening of Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mass: Correlations with Bone Quantity and Quality

by Ioana Ruxandra Poiană, Iulia Florentina Burcea, Silviu-Mirel Pițuru and Alexandru Bucur

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080256 - 14 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1324

Abstract

Objective. This study examined the potential use of computed tomography panoramic mandibular indices on cone beam CT (CBCT) for assessing bone density in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Study design. The study enrolled 104 postmenopausal women who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) [...] Read more.

Objective. This study examined the potential use of computed tomography panoramic mandibular indices on cone beam CT (CBCT) for assessing bone density in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Study design. The study enrolled 104 postmenopausal women who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a DXA scanner and mental foramen region CBCT alongside the NewTom VGi EVO Cone Beam 3D system. We assessed the relationship between the following DXA parameters: lumbar, femoral neck, and total hip T score, bone mineral density (BMD), and lumbar trabecular bone score (TBS). The following panoramic mandibular indices were also considered: the computed tomography mandibular index superior (CTI(S)), computed tomography mandibular index inferior (CTI(I)), and computed tomography mental index (CTMI). Results. The study revealed moderate correlations between CBCT indices and BMD/TBS scores: CTMI showed the highest correlation with the femoral neck T-score (r = 0.551, p < 0.0001). TBS scores were also moderately correlated with CBCT indices: CTMI showed a moderate positive correlation with TBS (r = 0.431, p < 0.0001); CTI(S) had a similar moderate positive correlation with TBS (r = 0.421, p < 0.0001). AUC values ranged from 0.697 to 0.733 for osteoporosis versus the osteopenia/normal group and from 0.734 to 0.744 for low versus normal bone quality groups, p < 0.0001. The comparison of the values of the studied indices between low versus normal bone quality (quantified with TBS) groups showed high sensitivity but low specificity. Conclusions. CBCT-measured indices CTI(S), CTI(I), and CTMI are useful in assessing patients with low bone mass to improve, by specific treatment, the prognosis of dental implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Factors in Implantology)

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12 pages, 1645 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multibraided Fixed Retainers with Different Diameters after Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): In Vitro Study Investigating Temperature Changes and Bonding Efficacy

by Maria Francesca Sfondrini, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Paola Gandini, Lorenzo Preda, Domenico Sfondrini, Karin Bertino, Cinzia Rizzi and Andrea Scribante

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080255 - 13 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1796

Abstract

Objectives: Orthodontists are often asked to remove fixed retainers before patients undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The present in vitro study was designed to analyze the heating and bonding efficacy of stainless steel multibraided fixed retainers after 1.5- and 3-tesla (T) MRI. Materials [...] Read more.

Objectives: Orthodontists are often asked to remove fixed retainers before patients undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The present in vitro study was designed to analyze the heating and bonding efficacy of stainless steel multibraided fixed retainers after 1.5- and 3-tesla (T) MRI. Materials and methods: A total of 180 human mandibular incisors were used to create 45 specimens of four teeth each, divided into nine groups. Handmade multibraided fixed retainers of three different sizes, defined by the diameter of the initial wire used (0.008″, 0.010″ and 0.012″), were tested. Three groups underwent MRI at 1.5 T, another three groups underwent MRI at 3 T and the last three groups did not undergo MRI. Temperature was assessed before and after MRI. Shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were assessed after MRI for all groups. Data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). Results: After 1.5 T exposure, no significant temperature increase from T0 to T1 was observed in any of the groups (p > 0.05). Regarding the 3 T groups, a significant difference from T0 to T1 was found for all the groups (p < 0.05). Temperature changes were not clinically relevant, as they were less than 1 °C for all groups except for group 3 (ΔT0–T1: 1.18 ± 0.3 °C) and group 6 (ΔT0–T1: 1.12 ± 0.37 °C). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the temperature variations associated with different wire diameters (p > 0.05). Conclusions: No significant changes in SBS or ARI were found (p > 0.05). Clinical significance: Since overheating was irrelevant and adhesion values did not change, the tested devices were concluded to be safe for MRI examinations at 1.5 T and 3 T. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and New Technologies: 2nd Edition)

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13 pages, 1055 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Efficacy of the RME II System Compared with a Herbst Appliance in the Treatment of Class II Skeletal Malocclusion in Growing Patients: A Retrospective Study

by Domenico Ciavarella, Mauro Lorusso, Carlotta Fanelli, Donatella Ferrara, Rosa Esposito, Michele Laurenziello, Fariba Esperouz, Lucio Lo Russo and Michele Tepedino

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080254 - 13 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1375

Abstract

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Rapid Maxillary Expander (RME) II System compared to a Herbst appliance and a control group in the treatment of class II skeletal malocclusions in growing patients. (2) Methods: A [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Rapid Maxillary Expander (RME) II System compared to a Herbst appliance and a control group in the treatment of class II skeletal malocclusions in growing patients. (2) Methods: A total of 30 class II patients treated using the RME II System (group R) were compared with 30 patients treated with a Herbst appliance (group H) and 30 untreated class II children (group C). Cephalograms were compared at the start (T0) and after 24 months (T1). Nine cephalometric parameters were analyzed: SN-MP, SN-PO, ANB, AR-GO-ME, AR-GO-N, N-GO-ME, SN-PP, LFH, CO-GN, 1+SN, IMPA, OVERJET, and OVERBITE. Since the variables failed the normality test, a Wilcoxon test was performed for a pairwise comparison of the cephalometric measurements taken at T0 (pre-treatment) and at T1 (post-treatment). ANOVA with Tukey post hoc correction was used to evaluate the differences among the groups. (3) Results: ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference for all analyzed variables except for AR-GO-ME, AR-GO-N, and N-GO-ME. Post hoc Tukey’s HSD test showed the following difference: the SN-PO angle in group H was 3.59° greater than in group R; the LFH in group H was 4.13 mm greater than in group R. The mandibular length (CO-GN) in group H was 3.94 mm greater than in group R; IMPA in group H was 6.4° greater than in group R; and the ANB angle in group H was 1.47° greater than in group R. (4) Conclusions: The RME II System is an effective therapeutic device for class II skeletal malocclusion treatment in growing patients. Full article

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13 pages, 2495 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of a Novel Adaptive Handle Design on the Ergonomic Performance of Periodontal Curettes in Dental Hygienists with and without Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Pilot Clinical Study

by Cherie Wink, Susan Meishan Yang, Ali A. Habib, Kairong Lin, Thair Takesh and Petra Wilder-Smith

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080253 - 13 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1682

Abstract

(1) Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), discomfort, fatigue, pain, and other acute and chronic work-related injuries are common among dental clinicians. Hand instruments constitute a primary risk factor for these conditions. The overall goal of this study was to compare in dental hygienists with [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), discomfort, fatigue, pain, and other acute and chronic work-related injuries are common among dental clinicians. Hand instruments constitute a primary risk factor for these conditions. The overall goal of this study was to compare in dental hygienists with healthy hands, and in those with MSDs, the effect of three different handle designs on instrumentation-related muscle work, comfort, fatigue, and quality of tactile feedback. (2) Methods: Clinicians tested three periodontal curettes: one with a novel adaptive silicone handle, another with a rigid resin handle, and the third with a rigid silicone handle. Ten hygienists—five with MSDs and five without—each scaled three typodonts using the three different curettes. Statistical analysis was performed using a General Linear Model (GLIM) and Tukey’s post hoc test, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was implemented. (3) Results: On average, mean comfort and fatigue across all instruments were significantly worse in testers with MSDs, who also expended significantly more work to complete the same task. In all testers, a novel adaptive handle design was associated with significantly reduced total muscle work and post-instrumentation fatigue, as well as better comfort than conventional rigid handle designs. (4) Conclusions: An adaptive curette handle design demonstrated significantly better ergonomic outcomes than conventional rigid curette handle designs. Hygienists with MSDs expend significantly more muscle work during dental instrumentation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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16 pages, 2501 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Morphological Changes of the Soft Tissue in the Aesthetic Zone: A 3D Virtual Analysis after Conventional Tooth Extraction and Benex^® Extraction

by Mayte Buchbender, Lotta Gath, Fabian Jaeckel, Anna Seidel, Marco Rainer Kesting, Manfred Wichmann, Werner Adler and Ragai Edward Matta

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080252 - 9 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1033

Abstract

Background: Postoperative resorption of hard and soft tissues occurs as a consequence of tooth extraction. The Benex^®-Control extractor allows minimally invasive extraction of the tooth without causing pronounced iatrogenic trauma. The aim of this study was to verify whether the resorption [...] Read more.

Background: Postoperative resorption of hard and soft tissues occurs as a consequence of tooth extraction. The Benex^®-Control extractor allows minimally invasive extraction of the tooth without causing pronounced iatrogenic trauma. The aim of this study was to verify whether the resorption of the tissues after extraction can be reduced by using the Benex^® system compared to the conventional extraction method. Methods: Postoperative intraoral scans were superimposed after surgery (t0), after 7 days (t1), after 14 days (t2), after 30 days (t3), after 60 days (t4), and after 90 days (t5) within the two groups (study n = 14, control n = 16), and defined regions of interest (ROIs) (1–8) and volume changes were analyzed. In addition, the influence of gingival thickness and the thickness of the labial cortical plate was investigated. Results: The greatest decrease in volume was observed in both groups in ROI3, although there was no significant difference observed between the groups. In the presence of an adjacent tooth, there was less volume loss in the affected ROIs (1, 2 and 7, 8). The thickness of the gingiva and the bony lamella did not significantly influence the change in volume. Conclusions: Due to the small cohort, the results are limited, and the hypothesis is rejected. Full article

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14 pages, 797 KiB

Open AccessReview

Peri-Implantitis

by Miriam Ting and Jon B. Suzuki

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080251 - 9 Aug 2024

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4749

Abstract

Peri-implantitis can affect the longevity of successfully integrated implants. Implant success is dependent on reducing the peri-implantitis risk or successfully managing peri-implantitis. Further understanding of peri-implantitis can be derived from its prevalence, microbial and diagnostic findings, existing therapies, and the effects of systemic [...] Read more.

Peri-implantitis can affect the longevity of successfully integrated implants. Implant success is dependent on reducing the peri-implantitis risk or successfully managing peri-implantitis. Further understanding of peri-implantitis can be derived from its prevalence, microbial and diagnostic findings, existing therapies, and the effects of systemic health issues and medication. Based on published information: (1) peri-implantitis is higher in patients who have periodontitis or smoke as well as in implants with 5 years of function; (2) peri-implantitis microflora is different from periodontitis; (3) peri-implantitis risk is increased in patients with cardiovascular diseases and uncontrolled diabetes; (4) most reported peri-implantitis therapies may result in resolution, but the best peri-implantitis treatment is still to be determined; (5) more frequent peri-implant maintenance may reduce risk for peri-implantitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Peri-Implantitis)

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8 pages, 828 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determining the Failure Rate of Direct Restorations—Chart Review versus Electronic Health Record Reports

by Priyal Patel, Utsavi Kapadia, Janhvi Vyas, Sahil Mhay and Romesh P. Nalliah

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080250 - 8 Aug 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1734

Abstract

Amalgam and composite restorations are used to treat minor dental issues. University of Michigan, School of Dentistry Electronic Health Record (EHR) reports show a 2.31% failure rate for amalgam and 1.14% for composite. Our study aims to determine the true failure rates through [...] Read more.

Amalgam and composite restorations are used to treat minor dental issues. University of Michigan, School of Dentistry Electronic Health Record (EHR) reports show a 2.31% failure rate for amalgam and 1.14% for composite. Our study aims to determine the true failure rates through manual EHR chart reviews. Patient data from the University of Michigan School of Dentistry were utilized—216 amalgam restorations from 2020 to 2022 and 350 composite restorations in 2021 were searched. We defined failure and retreatment as replacing a restoration with the same material and failure and alternate treatment as replacing restoration with an alternative treatment within one year. The failure rate refers to a combination of replacement with the same and alternative treatment material within one year. For Amalgam: 1.85% failed and were retreated; 7.87% failed and were received an alternate treatment. Composite: 9.71% failed and retreated; 2.86% failed and received alternate treatment. In total anterior composite: 10.5% retreated, 2.6% failed; posterior composite: 9.1% retreated, 3.0% failed. Our study revealed higher restoration failure rates than the reports extracted in the EHR. This highlights the need to foster a culture of precise documentation to align EHR reports with hand-search findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Restorative Dentistry, Endodontology and Traumatology)

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15 pages, 1564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of the Dental Materials TheraCal LC, TheraCal PT, ApaCal ART and Biodentine Used in Vital Pulp Therapy: In Vitro Study

by Barbora Novotná, Pavel Holík, Yuliya Morozova, Matej Rosa, Adéla Galandáková and Kateřina Langová

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080249 - 7 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1966

Abstract

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of selected resin-modified materials used in direct contact with the dental pulp (TheraCal LC, TheraCal PT, and ApaCal ART) with calcium silicate cement (Biodentine). (2) Methods: The mouse fibroblast Balb/3T3 cell [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of selected resin-modified materials used in direct contact with the dental pulp (TheraCal LC, TheraCal PT, and ApaCal ART) with calcium silicate cement (Biodentine). (2) Methods: The mouse fibroblast Balb/3T3 cell line and the extracts of tested materials in four concentrations were used for the testing. An MTT assay was performed in three independent experiments with six replicates for each concentration of tested material. The cell viability (%) and cytotoxicity were expressed (cytotoxic effect is considered in cases where the cell viability is lower than 70%). The mean of the cell viability and the standard deviation were expressed for each material at all concentrations. ANOVA and Dunnet’s post hoc tests were used for the statistical analysis. All of these tests were performed at the 0.05 significance level. (3) Results: At all concentrations, the cell viability was statistically significantly lower (p ≤ 0.002) for all tested materials compared to Biodentine. ApaCal ART showed a high level of cytotoxicity at all concentrations (cell viability lower than 47.71%, p < 0.0001). The same result was found for TheraCal LC at concentrations of 100%, 50% and 25% and TheraCal PT at concentrations of 100% and 50%. TheraCal LC at a 10% concentration (cell viability 68.18%) and TheraCal PT at a 25% concentration (cell viability 60.63%) indicated potential cytotoxicity. TheraCal PT at a 10% concentration was not found to be cytotoxic (cell viability 79.18%, p = 0.095). (4) Conclusion: The resin-modified calcium silicate and calcium phosphate materials showed higher cytotoxic potential, so they should be used with caution when in direct contact with the dental pulp. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Clinical and Experimental Research in Dentistry and Bioactive Materials)

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9 pages, 461 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Hollis Haotian Chai, Ivy Guofang Sun, Duangporn Duangthip, Sherry Shiqian Gao, Edward Chin Man Lo and Chun Hung Chu

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080248 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1392

Abstract

The objective of this prospective 12-month observational study is to examine the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among Hong Kong young children aged 3–4 years old receiving silver diamine fluoride (SDF) therapy for carious upper anterior primary teeth. A parental questionnaire was [...] Read more.

The objective of this prospective 12-month observational study is to examine the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among Hong Kong young children aged 3–4 years old receiving silver diamine fluoride (SDF) therapy for carious upper anterior primary teeth. A parental questionnaire was used to collect each child’s sociodemographic background and oral health habits at baseline. Data on parents’ satisfaction with their child’s dental aesthetics were collected at baseline and during a 12-month visit. The Chinese Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (C-ECOHIS) was used to measure OHRQoL. A trained dentist performed examinations and recorded caries experience (dmft) and oral hygiene (visible plaque index) at baseline and 12 months. SDF was applied to the carious lesions. Out of 286 invited children, 248 (87%, 248/286) participated, and 211 (85%, 211/248) attended the 12-month examination. All SDF-treated carious lesions were discoloured at the 12-month examination. Regression analysis showed that the baseline C-ECOHIS score was associated with dmft (p < 0.001). The baseline and 12-month C-ECOHIS scores were 4.6 ± 5.5 and 5.0 ± 5.6, respectively (p = 0.42). The scores for parental satisfaction with dental aesthetics at baseline and 12 months were 59% to 46% (p < 0.001). Satisfaction was negatively associated with the number of discoloured upper anterior teeth (p < 0.001). In conclusion, SDF discoloured the carious upper anterior teeth of the Hong Kong kindergarten children. However, the discoloured lesions had no significant effects on the OHRQoL of these children. However, more parents became dissatisfied with their child’s dental aesthetics after SDF therapy. Hence, clinicians should inform parents well before they perform SDF therapy on children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health Care in Paediatric Dentistry Volume 2)

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18 pages, 1071 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effectiveness of Elastodontic Devices for Correcting Sagittal Malocclusions in Mixed Dentition Patients: A Scoping Review

by Rebecca Ureni, Alessio Verdecchia, Carlota Suárez-Fernández, Manuela Mereu, Roberto Schirru and Enrico Spinas

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080247 - 2 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1316

Abstract

Elastodontics is an interceptive orthodontic therapy that uses light and biological elastic forces through preformed or custom-made removable orthodontic appliances. This study aims to evaluate the effects of elastodontic devices on correcting sagittal discrepancies in growing subjects with mixed dentition. Electronic research was [...] Read more.

Elastodontics is an interceptive orthodontic therapy that uses light and biological elastic forces through preformed or custom-made removable orthodontic appliances. This study aims to evaluate the effects of elastodontic devices on correcting sagittal discrepancies in growing subjects with mixed dentition. Electronic research was conducted on four databases: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Data were extracted based on the first author, year of publication, setting and country, study design, sample characteristics, sample size calculation, type of malocclusion, intervention, control group type, compliance, follow-up, and cephalometric measurements. Sixteen studies were included in the final review. Most studies observed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in SNB and ANB angles. Ten studies reported a reduction in overjet, while eight studies found no change in facial divergence. Comparisons with conventional functional devices revealed no consensus on the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects. Elastodontic appliances significantly improve cephalometric and dentoalveolar parameters, potentially correcting skeletal and dental relationships. However, result variability and unclear advantages over traditional appliances highlight the need for further research. Full article

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14 pages, 228 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Acceptability of HIV Testing in the UK Dental Setting: A Qualitative Study

by Janine Yazdi-Doughty, Anthony J. Santella, Stephen Porter, Richard G. Watt and Fiona Burns

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080246 - 2 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1092

Abstract

HIV point of care testing (POCT) is a common approach to expanding testing into non-specialised settings. Dental services have untapped potential to screen for health conditions including HIV. However, the perspectives of UK dental patients, dental professionals, and people with HIV are unknown. [...] Read more.

HIV point of care testing (POCT) is a common approach to expanding testing into non-specialised settings. Dental services have untapped potential to screen for health conditions including HIV. However, the perspectives of UK dental patients, dental professionals, and people with HIV are unknown. Ten focus groups were undertaken with dental patients, professionals, and people with HIV. The Framework method was used to analyse the qualitative data. Six themes were generated from the focus group data. The themes explored perceptions of HIV, the purpose, appropriateness, and acceptability of HIV testing in dental settings, and new processes that would need to be established in order to successfully implement point of care HIV testing in UK dental settings. Training needs were identified including communication skills and updates to current knowledge about HIV. HIV testing in dental settings is generally acceptable to dental patients, dental professionals, and PWH. However, of concern were logistical challenges and the risk of patients surprised at being offered an HIV test during a visit to the dentist. Nonetheless, the public health benefits of the intervention were well understood, i.e., early detection of HIV and initiation of treatment to improve health outcomes. Dental teams were able to generate novel solutions that could help to overcome contextual and logistical challenges to implementing HIV testing in dental settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Commemorative Issue of the Work of Prof. Dr. Ruth Freeman)

13 pages, 5037 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Three Dimensional-Printed Gingivectomy and Tooth Reduction Guides Prior Ceramic Restorations: A Case Report

by Carlos A. Jurado, Jose Villalobos-Tinoco, Mark A. Lackey, Silvia Rojas-Rueda, Manuel Robles and Akimasa Tsujimoto

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080245 - 1 Aug 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1808

Abstract

Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dentistry have significantly changed workflows in recent years. Restorations and devices can now be digitally designed and 3D-printed for dental care purposes. This clinical case report provides straightforward protocols for the digital design and 3D manufacture of [...] Read more.

Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dentistry have significantly changed workflows in recent years. Restorations and devices can now be digitally designed and 3D-printed for dental care purposes. This clinical case report provides straightforward protocols for the digital design and 3D manufacture of gingivectomy and tooth preparation guides. These types of guides improved the gingival architecture of the anterior teeth and provided controllable tooth preparations prior to labial ceramic veneers. Thoughtful clinical evaluation started with listening to the patient’s chief complaint and extra- and intra-oral evaluations. Then a digital wax-up was performed, followed by an intra-oral mock-up, to evaluate the shape of the proposed restorations. After patient acceptance, the clinical procedure started with the gingivectomy and tooth preparation. Hand-crafted porcelain veneers were bonded under rubber dam isolation to avoid any contamination and maximize the bonding protocol. The esthetic and functional demands were fully satisfied. Predictable outcomes can be obtained whenever a meticulous evaluation and execution of all the steps are performed. Three dimensional printing technology allows the fabrication of devices such as gingivectomy and tooth reduction guides that help accomplish the desired results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing and Restorative Dentistry)

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28 pages, 2658 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Conservative versus Invasive Approaches in Temporomandibular Disc Displacement: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

by Manuel Sá, Carlos Faria and Daniel Humberto Pozza

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080244 - 31 Jul 2024

Viewed by 2410

Abstract

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) frequently cause orofacial pain and dysfunction, with treatment options spanning from conservative therapies to invasive surgical procedures. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and compare the efficacy and safety profiles of conservative, minimally invasive interventions and [...] Read more.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) frequently cause orofacial pain and dysfunction, with treatment options spanning from conservative therapies to invasive surgical procedures. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and compare the efficacy and safety profiles of conservative, minimally invasive interventions and surgical procedures in patients diagnosed with TMDs and disc displacement. Methods: Following PRISMA recommendations, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCT). Data were synthesized in a table and evaluated through the Cochrane risk of bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. Results: Thirty-eight RCTs, most with moderate RoB, were selected. Conservative approaches, including physical therapy and occlusal devices, led to an improvement in symptoms and function. Pharmacological treatments demonstrated effectiveness in reducing pain and improving function; however, they can have undesirable side effects. Minimally invasive and invasive treatments also demonstrated efficacy, although most trials did not show their superiority to conservative treatments. Conclusion: The primary approach to TMDs should be a conservative, multimodal treatment plan tailored to patient complaints and characteristics. Treatment goals should focus on symptom control and functional recovery. Surgical treatment should be reserved for cases with a precise diagnosis and a clear etiology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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