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31 January 2026

Dependence of Poynting Vector on State of Polarization

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Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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Photonics2026, 13(2), 137;https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13020137 
(registering DOI)
This article belongs to the Section Lasers, Light Sources and Sensors

Abstract

It is known that the Poynting vector in a plane electromagnetic field is always along its propagation direction irrespective of its polarization state. Here we show, by making use of a superposition of four linearly-polarized plane waves, that the Poynting vector in a non-paraxial field is dependent on its polarization state. This is theoretically explained by resorting to the so-called Stratton vector. An expression for the Poynting vector in terms of generalized polarization bases as well as polarization ellipticity is given, which is further extended to a non-paraxial field of continuously-distributed angular spectrum. The expression is the same as what was given very recently by Fernandez-Guasti for electromagnetic fields constructed on the basis of Heaviside–Larmor symmetry.

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