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Volume 12
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10.3390/separations12070184
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Article

Numerical Investigation of 2D Ordered Pillar Array Columns: An Algorithm of Unit-Cell Automatic Generation and the Corresponding CFD Simulation

by
Qihao Jiang
1,†,
Stefano Rocca
2,
Kareem Shaikhuzzaman
1 and
Simone Dimartino
1,*
1
Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
2
School of Engineering and Architecture, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current address: Key Laboratory of Information and Structure Efficiency in Extreme Environment, The Ministry of Education of China, The School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China.
Separations 2025, 12(7), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12070184
Submission received: 1 July 2025 / Accepted: 6 July 2025 / Published: 15 July 2025
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Abstract

This paper presents a numerical investigation into the generation of 2D ordered pillar array columns for liquid chromatography columns, focusing on the development of an algorithm for the automatic creation of unit-cell morphologies and their subsequent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The algorithm is developed to incorporate functional and operational constraints, which ensure that the generated structures are permeable and suitable for chromatographic separations. The functional constraints include the principal pathway and no dry void constraints, while the operational constraints involve symmetry and porosity thresholds. The algorithm’s efficacy is demonstrated with a reduction rate of 97.8% for order 5 matrices. CFD simulations of the generated morphologies reveal that the homogeneity of the fluid velocity profile within the unit cell is a key determinant of separation performance, suggesting that refining the resolution of discrete unit cells could enhance separation efficiency. Future work will explore the inclusion of more complex morphologies and the impact of particle shape and size on separation efficiency.
Keywords: ordered pillar array columns; morphology generation; CFD; fluid velocity profiles; separation performance ordered pillar array columns; morphology generation; CFD; fluid velocity profiles; separation performance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jiang, Q.; Rocca, S.; Shaikhuzzaman, K.; Dimartino, S. Numerical Investigation of 2D Ordered Pillar Array Columns: An Algorithm of Unit-Cell Automatic Generation and the Corresponding CFD Simulation. Separations 2025, 12, 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12070184

AMA Style

Jiang Q, Rocca S, Shaikhuzzaman K, Dimartino S. Numerical Investigation of 2D Ordered Pillar Array Columns: An Algorithm of Unit-Cell Automatic Generation and the Corresponding CFD Simulation. Separations. 2025; 12(7):184. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12070184

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiang, Qihao, Stefano Rocca, Kareem Shaikhuzzaman, and Simone Dimartino. 2025. "Numerical Investigation of 2D Ordered Pillar Array Columns: An Algorithm of Unit-Cell Automatic Generation and the Corresponding CFD Simulation" Separations 12, no. 7: 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12070184

APA Style

Jiang, Q., Rocca, S., Shaikhuzzaman, K., & Dimartino, S. (2025). Numerical Investigation of 2D Ordered Pillar Array Columns: An Algorithm of Unit-Cell Automatic Generation and the Corresponding CFD Simulation. Separations, 12(7), 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12070184

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