Development and Validation of the Social Network Addiction Scale (SNAddS-6S)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Social Network Addiction: Concept and Measurement
1.2. Social Network Addiction and Related Variables
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Social Networks Addiction
2.3.2. Social Network Overuse
2.3.3. Social Anxiety
2.3.4. Loneliness
2.3.5. Life Satisfaction
2.3.6. Self-Esteem
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analyses: Common Method Variance
3.2. Stage 1: Reducing the Items and Exploring the Factorial Analysis
3.2.1. Missing Data, Correlation between Items, and Reliability Analyses
3.2.2. Exploratory Factorial Analysis for the Social Networks Addiction (SNAdd) Scale
3.2.3. Exploratory Factorial Analysis for the Short SNAddS-6S
3.3. Stage 2: Confirming the Factorial Analysis
3.3.1. Confirmatory Factorial Analysis for the SNAddS-6S
3.3.2. Confirmatory Factorial Analysis for the Short SNAddS-6S
3.4. Exploring the External Validity of the Large and Short SNAddS-6S
4. Discussion
4.1. The SNAddS-6S, a Multidimensional Valid and Reliable Scale, and the Short SNAddS-6S, a Unidimensional Valid and Reliable Scale
4.2. Limitations and Future Research
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | Highest Loading for Each One of the Five Factors | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | |
SNAdd 1 | 0.642 | ||||
SNAdd 2 | 0.633 | ||||
SNAdd 3 | 0.662 | ||||
SNAdd 4 | 0.531 | ||||
SNAdd 5 | 0.638 | ||||
SNAdd 6 | 0.548 | ||||
SNAdd 7 | 0.863 | ||||
SNAdd 8 | 0.882 | ||||
SNAdd 9 | 0.864 | ||||
SNAdd 10 | 0.409 | ||||
SNAdd 11 | 0.815 | ||||
SNAdd 12 | 0.865 | ||||
SNAdd 13 | 0.760 | ||||
SNAdd 14 | 0.803 | ||||
SNAdd 15 | 0.662 | ||||
SNAdd 16 | 0.808 | ||||
SNAdd 17 | 0.754 | ||||
SNAdd 18 | 0.669 | ||||
Scale reliability estimates | |||||
Cronbach’s Alpha values | 0.81 | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.78 |
Percentage of explained variance | 14.77 | 14.42 | 13.61 | 13.46 | 12.74 |
Items | Highest Loading for Each One of the Six Factors | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | |
SNAdd 1 | 0.659 | |||||
SNAdd 2 | 0.694 | |||||
SNAdd 3 | 0.732 | |||||
SNAdd 4 | 0.667 | |||||
SNAdd 5 | 0.634 | |||||
SNAdd 6 | 0.629 | |||||
SNAdd 7 | 0.865 | |||||
SNAdd 8 | 0.883 | |||||
SNAdd 9 | 0.862 | |||||
SNAdd 10 | 0.400 | |||||
SNAdd 11 | 0.806 | |||||
SNAdd 12 | 0.859 | |||||
SNAdd 13 | 0.779 | |||||
SNAdd 14 | 0.829 | |||||
SNAdd 15 | 0.472 | |||||
SNAdd 16 | 0.797 | |||||
SNAdd 17 | 0.801 | |||||
SNAdd 18 | 0.668 | |||||
Scale reliability estimates | ||||||
Cronbach’s Alpha values | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.70 |
Percentage of explained variance | 14.36 | 12.87 | 12.25 | 12.11 | 11.25 | 10.52 |
SN Abuse | Loneliness | Social Anxiety | Life Satisfaction | Self-Esteem | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SNAddS-6S | 0.54 *** | 0.28 *** | 0.31 *** | −0.27 *** | −0.35 *** |
Time-management higher-order factor | 0.49 *** | 0.16 *** | 0.20 *** | −0.13 *** | −0.21 *** |
Salience sub-factor | 0.48 *** | 0.10 *** | 0.16 *** | −0.11 *** | −0.18 *** |
Tolerance sub-factor | 0.40 *** | 0.18 *** | 0.20 *** | −0.12 *** | −0.19 *** |
Mood modification factor | 0.42 *** | 0.32 *** | 0.34 *** | −0.34 *** | −0.40 *** |
Relapse factor | 0.33 *** | 0.24 *** | 0.22 *** | −0.17 *** | −0.24 *** |
Withdrawal factor | 0.41 *** | 0.16 *** | 0.23 *** | −0.19 *** | −0.26 *** |
Conflict factor | 0.41 *** | 0.22 *** | 0.22 *** | −0.25 *** | −0.28 *** |
Six-items Short SNAddS-6S | 0.50 *** | 0.28 *** | 0.30 *** | −0.27 *** | −0.36 *** |
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Cuadrado, E.; Rojas, R.; Tabernero, C. Development and Validation of the Social Network Addiction Scale (SNAddS-6S). Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2020, 10, 763-778. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10030056
Cuadrado E, Rojas R, Tabernero C. Development and Validation of the Social Network Addiction Scale (SNAddS-6S). European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 2020; 10(3):763-778. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10030056
Chicago/Turabian StyleCuadrado, Esther, Rocío Rojas, and Carmen Tabernero. 2020. "Development and Validation of the Social Network Addiction Scale (SNAddS-6S)" European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 10, no. 3: 763-778. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10030056