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Article

Enhancing AVR System Stability Using Non-Monopolize Optimization for PID and PIDA Controllers

by
Ahmed M. Mosaad
1,*,
Mahmoud A. Attia
2,
Nourhan M. Elbehairy
3,
Mohammed Alruwaili
4,
Amr Yousef
5,* and
Nabil M. Hamed
2
1
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, 9 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK
2
Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt
3
Department of Energy and Renewable Energy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Egyptian Chinese University (ECU), Cairo 11787, Egypt
4
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
5
Electrical Engineering Department, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 23435, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2025, 13(10), 3072; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103072
Submission received: 6 September 2025 / Revised: 22 September 2025 / Accepted: 23 September 2025 / Published: 25 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Based Modelling and Control of Power Systems)
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Abstract

This work suggests a new use for the Non-Monopolize Optimization (NO) method to improve the dynamic stability and robustness of PID and PIDA controllers in Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) systems when there are load disruptions. The NO algorithm is a new search method that does not use metaphors and only looks for one answer. It utilizes adaptive dimension modifications to strike a balance between exploration and exploitation. Its addition to AVR control makes parameter tweaking more efficient, without relying on random metaphors or population-based heuristics. MATLAB/Simulink R2025a runs full simulations to check how well the system works in both the time domain (step response, root locus) and the frequency domain (Bode plot). We compare the results to those of well-known optimizers like WOA, TLBO, ARO, GOA, and GA. The suggested NO-based PID and PIDA controllers always show less overshoot, faster rise and settling periods, and higher phase and gain margins, which proves that they are more stable and responsive. A robustness test with a load change of ±50% shows that NO-tuned controllers are even more reliable. The results show that using NO to tune different controllers could be a good choice for real-time AVR controller tuning in modern power systems because it is lightweight and works well.
Keywords: automatic voltage regulator (AVR); PID and PIDA controllers; non-monopolize optimization (NO); power system stability; metaheuristic controller tuning automatic voltage regulator (AVR); PID and PIDA controllers; non-monopolize optimization (NO); power system stability; metaheuristic controller tuning

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mosaad, A.M.; Attia, M.A.; Elbehairy, N.M.; Alruwaili, M.; Yousef, A.; Hamed, N.M. Enhancing AVR System Stability Using Non-Monopolize Optimization for PID and PIDA Controllers. Processes 2025, 13, 3072. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103072

AMA Style

Mosaad AM, Attia MA, Elbehairy NM, Alruwaili M, Yousef A, Hamed NM. Enhancing AVR System Stability Using Non-Monopolize Optimization for PID and PIDA Controllers. Processes. 2025; 13(10):3072. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103072

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mosaad, Ahmed M., Mahmoud A. Attia, Nourhan M. Elbehairy, Mohammed Alruwaili, Amr Yousef, and Nabil M. Hamed. 2025. "Enhancing AVR System Stability Using Non-Monopolize Optimization for PID and PIDA Controllers" Processes 13, no. 10: 3072. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103072

APA Style

Mosaad, A. M., Attia, M. A., Elbehairy, N. M., Alruwaili, M., Yousef, A., & Hamed, N. M. (2025). Enhancing AVR System Stability Using Non-Monopolize Optimization for PID and PIDA Controllers. Processes, 13(10), 3072. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103072

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