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Article

Fast Tracking of Maximum Power in a Shaded Photovoltaic System Using Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (AFT) Algorithm

by
Khalil Ur Rehman
1,
Injila Sajid
1,
Shiue-Der Lu
2,*,
Shafiq Ahmad
3,
Hwa-Dong Liu
4,*,
Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh
5,
Mohd Tariq
6,
Adil Sarwar
1 and
Chang-Hua Lin
7
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
3
Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
4
Undergraduate Program of Vehicle and Energy Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
5
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar 190006, India
6
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
7
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2023, 11(10), 2946; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11102946
Submission received: 29 August 2023 / Revised: 4 October 2023 / Accepted: 7 October 2023 / Published: 10 October 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Energy Systems)
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Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) generation systems that are partially shaded have a non-linear operating curve that is highly dependent on temperature and irradiance conditions. Shading from surrounding objects like clouds, trees, and buildings creates partial shading conditions (PSC) that can cause hot spot formation on PV panels. To prevent this, bypass diodes are installed in parallel across each panel, resulting in a global maximum power point (GMPP) and multiple local maximum power points (LMPPs) on the power-voltage (P-V) curve. Traditional methods for maximum power point tracking (MPPT), such as perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (INC), converge for LMPPs on the P-V curve, but metaheuristic algorithms can track the GMPP effectively. This paper proposes a new, efficient, and robust GMPP tracking technique based on a nature-inspired algorithm called Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (AFT). Utilizing the AFT algorithm for MPPT in PV systems has several novel features and advantages, including its adaptability, exploration-exploitation balance, simplicity, efficiency, and innovative approach. These characteristics make AFT a promising choice for enhancing the efficiency of PV systems under varied circumstances. The performance of the proposed method in tracking the GMPP is evaluated using a simulation model under MATLAB/Simulink environment, the achieved simulation results are compared to particle swarm optimization (PSO). The proposed method is also tested in real-time using the Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) emulator to validate the achieved simulation results. The findings indicate that the proposed AFT-based GMPP tracking method performs better under complex partial irradiance conditions than PSO.
Keywords: Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves algorithm; maximum power point tracking (MPPT); metaheuristic algorithms; conventional algorithms; photovoltaic (PV) Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves algorithm; maximum power point tracking (MPPT); metaheuristic algorithms; conventional algorithms; photovoltaic (PV)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rehman, K.U.; Sajid, I.; Lu, S.-D.; Ahmad, S.; Liu, H.-D.; Bakhsh, F.I.; Tariq, M.; Sarwar, A.; Lin, C.-H. Fast Tracking of Maximum Power in a Shaded Photovoltaic System Using Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (AFT) Algorithm. Processes 2023, 11, 2946. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11102946

AMA Style

Rehman KU, Sajid I, Lu S-D, Ahmad S, Liu H-D, Bakhsh FI, Tariq M, Sarwar A, Lin C-H. Fast Tracking of Maximum Power in a Shaded Photovoltaic System Using Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (AFT) Algorithm. Processes. 2023; 11(10):2946. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11102946

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rehman, Khalil Ur, Injila Sajid, Shiue-Der Lu, Shafiq Ahmad, Hwa-Dong Liu, Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh, Mohd Tariq, Adil Sarwar, and Chang-Hua Lin. 2023. "Fast Tracking of Maximum Power in a Shaded Photovoltaic System Using Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (AFT) Algorithm" Processes 11, no. 10: 2946. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11102946

APA Style

Rehman, K. U., Sajid, I., Lu, S.-D., Ahmad, S., Liu, H.-D., Bakhsh, F. I., Tariq, M., Sarwar, A., & Lin, C.-H. (2023). Fast Tracking of Maximum Power in a Shaded Photovoltaic System Using Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (AFT) Algorithm. Processes, 11(10), 2946. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11102946

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