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Volume 11
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10.3390/biomedicines11123149
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Article

Male and Female Mitochondria Respond Differently after Exercising in Acute Hypoxia

by
Ylenia Lai
1,
Francesco Loy
1,
Michela Isola
1,
Roberta Noli
1,
Andrea Rinaldi
1,
Carla Lobina
2,
Romina Vargiu
1,
Flaminia Cesare Marincola
3 and
Raffaella Isola
1,*
1
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
2
Neuroscience Institute, Division of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
3
Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3149; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123149
Submission received: 31 August 2023 / Revised: 10 November 2023 / Accepted: 20 November 2023 / Published: 26 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mitochondria in Human Health and Diseases)
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Abstract

The use of hypoxic devices among athletes who train in normobaric hypoxia has become increasingly popular; however, the acute effects on heart and brain metabolism are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the mitochondrial bioenergetics in trained male and female Wistar rats after acute hypoxia training. The experimental plan included exercising for 30 min on a treadmill in a Plexiglas cage connected to a hypoxic generator set at 12.5% O2 or in normoxia. After the exercise, the rats were sacrificed, and their mitochondria were isolated from their brains and hearts. The bioenergetics for each complex of the electron transport chain was tested using a Clark-type electrode. The results showed that following hypoxia training, females experienced impaired oxidative phosphorylation through complex II in heart subsarcolemmal mitochondria, while males had an altered ADP/O in heart interfibrillar mitochondria, without any change in oxidative capacity. No differences from controls were evident in the brain, but an increased electron transport system efficiency was observed with complex I and IV substrates in males. Therefore, the study’s findings suggest that hypoxia training affects the heart mitochondria of females more than males. This raises a cautionary flag for female athletes who use hypoxic devices.
Keywords: hypoxia; mitochondrial bioenergetics; heart; brain hypoxia; mitochondrial bioenergetics; heart; brain

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lai, Y.; Loy, F.; Isola, M.; Noli, R.; Rinaldi, A.; Lobina, C.; Vargiu, R.; Cesare Marincola, F.; Isola, R. Male and Female Mitochondria Respond Differently after Exercising in Acute Hypoxia. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 3149. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123149

AMA Style

Lai Y, Loy F, Isola M, Noli R, Rinaldi A, Lobina C, Vargiu R, Cesare Marincola F, Isola R. Male and Female Mitochondria Respond Differently after Exercising in Acute Hypoxia. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(12):3149. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123149

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lai, Ylenia, Francesco Loy, Michela Isola, Roberta Noli, Andrea Rinaldi, Carla Lobina, Romina Vargiu, Flaminia Cesare Marincola, and Raffaella Isola. 2023. "Male and Female Mitochondria Respond Differently after Exercising in Acute Hypoxia" Biomedicines 11, no. 12: 3149. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123149

APA Style

Lai, Y., Loy, F., Isola, M., Noli, R., Rinaldi, A., Lobina, C., Vargiu, R., Cesare Marincola, F., & Isola, R. (2023). Male and Female Mitochondria Respond Differently after Exercising in Acute Hypoxia. Biomedicines, 11(12), 3149. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123149

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